History

sparse vegetation

high population density

abundant resources

large bodies of water.

horse breeding

leather work

canoe-building

cattle rearing.

pastoral farming and fishing

fishing and salt-making

cotton cultivation and weaving

cash crop production and trading.

Arab missionary activities

the waging of jihads

trade and commerce

absence of any religion in the area.

introduction of formal education

training of nationalists

introduction of new crops

abolition of the slave trade.