(a) State four functions of carbohydrates in farm animals.

(b) List four organs associated with respiration in farm animals.

(c) Mention two diseases that affects the respiratory system of farm animals

(d) Define the fol-lowing terms as used in animal physiology: (i) exhalation (ii) inhalation (iii) peristalsis (iv) ovulation (v) rumination.

(a) Define the term animal improvement.
(b) (i) Explain the term introduction as used in animal improvement. (ii) State three advantages and three disadvantages of introduction as a method of animal improvement
(c)(i) Define the term progeny selection (ii) State five desirable characteristics that could be used in selecting animals used for improvement.
(d) State three advantages of artificial insemination.

(a) Explain the term ration as used in animal production.

(b) Explain how each of the following factors influence feed formulation for farm animals: (i) physiological status of animal;

(ii) age of animal; (iii) purpose of production; (iv) availability of feed ingredients.

(c) Describe the process of preparing palm kernel cake.

(d) Give two differences between broiler starter mash and broiler finisher mash.

(a) State three ways in which each of the following factors hinders livestock production in West Africa: (i) breeding; (ii) nutrition; (iii) healthcare; (iv) government policy; (v) finance.

(b) Mention five factors that affect productivity of pastures.

(a) Name four parts of the reproductive system of each of the following farm animals: (i) bull; (ii) hen.

(b) Give one function of each of the parts named in 3(a).

(c) Describe the process of cassava tuber in the mouth of a pig.