(a) Define the term balance sheet.

(b) The financial data of Omega Dairy Farms Ltd as at December 31st 2012 are shown below:

Cash at bank -  200,000.00 
Cash in hand - 70,000.00 
Dairy cattle - 5,000.000.00 
Milk - 300,000.00 
Loans - 3,000,000.00 
Initial capital - 4,000,000,00 
Interest on loan payable - 600,000.00 
Account receivable - 1,000,000.00 
Taxes payable - 500,000.00 
Milking machine - 1,500,000.00 
Animal feed - 100,000.00 

Use the data to prepare a balance sheet for Omega Dairy Farms Ltd as at December 31st 2012 (c) State two ways in which the balance sheet is important (d) Is the farm credit-worthy? Give a reason for your answer

(a) Define the following terms as used in agricultural economics: 
(i) assets; 
(ii) Liabilities

(b) Mention three problems encountered by farmers in obtaining agricultural credits
(c) Enumerate four roles of an agricultural extension agent
(d) Outline five roles of farmer co-operative societies in agriculture

(a) Explain the term commercial farming. [2 marks]

(b) Mention two agricultural produce used by each of the following agro-based industries: (i) canning industry; (ii) beverage industry; (iii) feed mill. [6 marks]

(c) State two aims of each of the following organizations involved in agricultural development in West Africa: (i) International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) (ii) International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA)

(d) What is surface irrigation? [2 marks]

(e) Describe the following horizons of the soil profile: (i) horizon A; (ii) horizon D. [2 marks] 

(a) Explain each of the following terms; (i) farmstead (ii) secondary tillage. [4 marks] 

(b) State one function of each of the following parts of a mouldboard plough: (i) hitch; (ii) furrow wheel; (iii} disc coulter; (iv) plough share; (v) mouldboard. [5 marks] 

(c) Describe one natural process that takes carbon away from the atmosphere. [2 marks] 

(d) Outline three ways of replenishing plant nutrients in the soil. [3 marks]

(e) State two deficiency symptoms of calcium in crops. [2 marks] 

(f) List four soil organisms. [2 marks] 

(a) Discuss the cultivation of cassava under the following headings: (i) soil requirements; (ii) spacing (iii) one disease; (iv) one pest. [5 marks]

(b) Differentiate between natural pasture and artificial pasture. [2 marks]

(c). Explain the term disease as used in crop production. [2 marks] 

(d)  State Mendel's law of independent assortment of genes. [2 marks]

(e) Explain the term regeneration as a forest management practice. [2 marks]

(f) State five effects of deforestation. [5 marks]