Using the diagram as a guide, carry out the following instructions:

1. Fix a plain sheet of paper on the drawing board.
2. Place the rectangular glass prism on the paper and trace its outline, ABCD. Remove the prism.
3. Draw a normal NMP to meet AB and DC at M and P respectively such that |AM| =|DP| = 2.0cm.
4. Trace the ray PQ with two pins, P\(_{1}\), and P\(_{2}\), at P and Q respectively such that angle MPQ = i = 5º.
5. Replace the prism on its outline. Trace the emergent ray with two other pins P\(_{3}\) and P\(_{4}\) such that they lie in a straight line with P\(_{2}\) and the image of P\(_{1}\) viewed through the glass prism.
6. Measure and record \(\theta\), the angle between the emergent ray and the face AB of the glass prism.
7. Evaluate cos \(\theta\) and sin i.
8. Repeat the procedure for four other values of i= 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°. Tabulate your readings.
9. Plot a graph of cos \(\theta\) on the vertical axis against sin i on the horizontal axis.
10. Determine the slope of the graph.
11. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.  Attach your traces to your answer booklet

(b)i. State the laws of refraction of light.

ii. Explain what is meant by the statement the refractive index of a material is 1.65.

1.  Measure and record the length XY of the resistance wire provided.
2. Connect the circuit shown in the diagram.
3. With R= O\(\Omega\), close the key, K. Read and record the current 1\(_{o}\) and the voltage drop V\(_{o}\) across the resistance wire.
4. Setting R = 1\(\Omega\). close the key. Read and record the current, I, and the corresponding voltage drop, V across the wire.
5. Repeat the procedure for five other values of R= 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60\(\Omega\). Tabulate your readings.
6. Plot a graph of V on the vertical axis against 1 on the horizontal axis.
7. Determine the slope of the graph
8. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.

(b)i. Mention and state the law on which the experiment in (a) is based.

ii. A piece of resistance vire of diameter 0.2 mm and resistance m has a resistivity of 8.8 x 10\(^{-7}\)\(\Omega\)m, calculate the length of the Wire. [\(\pi\) =\(\frac{22}{7}\)]

1. Fix the 100g mass marked P at B, the 80 cm mark of the uniform metre rule, using an adhesive.
2. Suspend another 100g mass marked Q at A, a distance V = 10.Ocm from the 0 cm mark of the metre rule.
3. Balance the whole arrangement horizontally on a knife edge as shown in the diagram above.
4. Measure and record the distance U of K from the 0 cm mark of the metre rule.
5. Repeat the procedure for five other values of V = 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0 and 35.0 cm
6. In each case, measure and record the Corresponding values of U. Tabulate your readings.
7. Plot a graph of U on the vertical axis against V on the horizontal axis.
8. determine the:
   (1) slope, s, of the graph
   (2) intercept c, on the vertical axis.
9. Evaluate (i) K\(_{1}\) =\(\frac{(1 - 2s)}{s}\) 100:
                 (ii) K\(_{2}\) = \(\frac{2c}{s}\) - 160
10. State two precautions taken to ensure an accurate result

(b)i. State two conditions under which a rigid body at rest remains in equilibrium when acted upon by three non-parallel coplanar forces.

ii. Explain how the position of the centre or gravity of a body affects the equilibrium of the body.

Using the diagram as a out the guide carry out the following instructions:

1. Place the pin O horizontally inside the cylinder provided. Pour some water on the pin in the cylinder such that the length of the water column / = SO = 10.0cm, where S place the represents the water meniscus.
2. lnsert another pin, P in the cork held by the boss of the retort stand.
3. Adjust the position of P vertically upward or 0 formed by refraction at S.
4. Read and record the distance h = PO.
5. Repeat the procedure for four other values of 1= 15, 20, 25, and 30cm.
6. In each case measure and record the corresponding value of h. Tabulate your readings.
7. Plot a graph of h on the vertical axis against l on the horizontal axis.
8. Determine the slope, s, of the graph
9. Evaluate (i) K\(_{1}\) = 1 - S
                 (ii) K\(_{2}\) = \(\frac{1}{k}\)
10. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.

(b)i. Explain the total internal reflection of light.

ii. A rectangular glass prism of thickness 6 cm and refractive index 1.5 is placed on the page of a book. The prints on the book are viewed vertically down Determine the apparent upward displacement of the print.

You are provided with two wires marked P and C. a resistor R\(_{s}\) = 1\(\Omega\) and other necessary apparatus.

1. Connect R\(_{s}\) in the left-hand gap of the metre bridge, a length L= 100cm of wire P in the right-hand gap and the other apparatus as shown in the diagram: above
2. Determine the balance point B on the bridge wire AC
3. Measure and record AB =/s, and BC = /
4. Evaluate R\(_{1}\) = (\(\frac{|_{p}}{|_{s}}\))Rs
5. Repeat the procedure for four other values of L = 90, 80, 70 and 60cm. In each case obtain and record the value of |\(_{s}\) and |\(_{p}\) and evaluate R\(_{1}\) = (\(\frac{|_{p}}{|_{s}}\))Rs
6. Repeat the experiment with the second wire, Q. Obtain the value of |\(_{s}\) and |\(_{Q}\) for equal lengths of wire as used in wire P.
7. Evaluate R\(_{1}\) = (\(\frac{|_{p}}{|_{s}}\))Rs. In each case, tabulate your readings.
8. Plot a graph of R\(_{2}\) on the Vertical axis against R\(_{1}\) on the horizontal axis.
9. Determine the slope S, of the graph.
10. Evaluate the k = \(\sqrt s\).
11. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.

(b)i. Define the resistivity of the material of a wire.

ii. A galvanometer with a full-scale-deflection of 1.5 x10\(^{3}\). A has a resistance of 50\(\Omega\). Determine the resistance required to convert it into a voltmeter reading up to 1.5V.