(a (i) Explain why water is referred to as a universal solvent.

(ii) Give one chemical test for water. H\(_2\)SO\(_4\)

(b) A current of 1.25A was passed through an electrolytic cell containing dil.  for 40 minutes.

(i) Write (ii) Calculate the volume of gas produced at the anode at s.t.p. (1F = 96,500 C, Molar Volume of gas at s.t.p. = 22.4 dm\(^3\) mol\(^{-3}\) ]

(C) Consider the reaction represented by the following equation: Au\(_{(s)}\) + Cl\(_{2(g)}\) \(\to\)  AuCl\(_{3(s)}\)

(I) Balance the equation

(ii) If 1.2509 of Au and 1.744g of Cl\(_2\) were mixed

I. determine which of the reactants is in excess II. calculate the excess amount [Au = 197.0, CI = 35.5]

(a) Name one product of destructive distillation of coal that is (i) solid (ii) liquid; (iii) gas.

(b) (i) What is the major component of synthetic gas? (ii) Give one reason why synthetic gas is not a major source of air pollution.

(c) (i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of carbon. (ii) State two: I. physical; II. chemical properties of the product in (c)(i).

(d) (i) Name two allotropes of carbon that are I. crystalline, II. amorphous. (ii) State one use of each of the allotropes named in (d)(i).

(e) (i) By means of balanced chemical equations only, outline the process of manufacture of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\), by contact process.

(ii) State the function of H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) in each of the following reaction equations:

I.  C\(_2\)H\(_5\)OH\(_{2(l)}\)  \(\to\) C\(_2\)H\(_{4(g)}\);

II. Pb(NO\(_{3(g)}\) + H\(_2\)SO\(_{4(g)}\) —> PbSO\(_{4(s)}\) + 2HNO\(_{3(aq)}\)

(a)(i) Outline a suitable procedure for the preparation of ZnCl\(_2\) crystals stating from zinc granules.

(ii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction in (a)(i).

(b) Considei' the following solutions: Na\(_2\)SO\(_{4(aq)}\), CH3COOK\(_{(aq)}\), Pb(NO\(_3\))\(_{2(aq)}\) and MgCl\(_2\). Which of them has/have a pH

(i) greater than 7;

(ii) equal to 7;

(iii) less than 7?

(c)(i) Determine the oxidation number of Mn in I. MnO\(_2\); II. KMnO\(_4\).

(ii) State one laboratory use of each of the .compounds in (c)(i).

(d) Explain why oxidation and reduction processes are complementary.

(e) Consider the reaction represented by the equation: Fe\(_{(s)}\) + 2Ag\(^+_{(aq)}\) \(\to\) Fe\(^{2+}_{(aq)}\) + 2Ag\(_{(s)}\)

(i) Write a balanced ionic half equations for the reaction.

(ii) Which of the species is I. oxidized; II. reduced?

(iii) State the change in the oxidation number of silver during the reaction.

(a) (i) State Boyle's law.

(ii) Give the mathematical expression of Boyle's law.

(iii) Sketch the graphical representation of Boyle's law.

(b) A given mass of gas occupied 500 cm3 at 30°C and 6.5 x 104 Nm\(^{-2}\). Calculate the volume of the gas at s.t.p. [ Standard pressure = 1.01 x 105 Nm\(^{-2}\)]

(c) Explain why an inflated balloon expands in warm water.

(d)(i) What is meant by the term vapour density? (ii) Determine the vapour density of SO\(_{2}\). [ S = 32, O = 16 ]

(e)(i) Which of the following gases, SO\(_{2}\) and NH\(_{3}\) can be collected by I. upward delivery; II. downward delivery?

(ii) What would be the nature of the solution formed by dissolving each of the following substances in water separately. I. SO\(_{2}\) II. NH\(_{3}\)

(iii) State the property exhibited by SO\(_{2}\) and NH\(_{3}\) in the following equations:

I. 2H\(_{2}\)S\(_{(aq)}\) + SO\(_{2(g)}\) \(\to\)  3S\(_{(s)}\) + 2H\(_{2}\)O\(_{(/)}\)

II. 3CuO\(_{(s)}\) + 2NH\(_{3(g)}\)  \(\to\) 3Cu\(_{(s)}\) + 3H\(_{2}\)O\(_{(/)}\) + N\(_{2(s)}\).

(f) State two alloys of tin.

(ii) Give one use of each of the alloys in (f)(i).

(a)(i) Define polymerization.

(ii) Mention two types of polymerization.

(iii) Give one example of I. naturally occurring polymer, II. synthetic polymer.

(b)(i) Describe how ethyne could be prepared in the laboratory.

(ii) Write an equation for the I. polymerization of ethyne II. complete reaction of ethyne with hydrogen bromide.

(iii) Name each of the products formed in (b)(ii) II.

(c)(i) Define each of the following terms: I. pollution; Il. pollutant.

(ii) Mention three types of pollution.

(iii) Give two ways by which pollution can be prevented.