When left in a freezer, a bottle full of water cracks on freezing into ice because of the

The phase difference between waves P and q in the diagram above is

The change in volume when 450kg of ice is completely melted is [density of ice = 900 kgm\(^{-3}\), density of water = 1000 kgm\(^{-3}\)]

Tea pots are often silver-coated to prevent heat loss by