Topics:
All Introduction to Commerce Meaning, scope, characteristics and functions of Commerce History of Commerce Relationship of Commerce with other areas of production Importance of Commerce in the economy Occupations Meaning and Importance Types of occupations: Industrial, commercial, direct and indirect services Factors influencing choice of occupation Production Meaning and types: Primary, secondary, tertiary Factors of production, characteristics & rewards Division of labour and specialization Inter-relationship between production and exchange Business Units Meaning and objectives of business Forms: Sole proprietorship, Partnership, Limited liability companies, Public enterprises, Cooperative societies Characteristics, formation, advantages and disadvantages Business mergers Choice of business units Dissolution and liquidation Business Capital and Finance Meaning and types of capital Working capital, profit and turnover calculations Sources of finance Problems of sourcing finance Role of Bureau de Change Trade Associations and Economic Groups Trade and manufacturer associations Chambers of Commerce Employers’, Consumers’ and Manufacturers’ associations Economic groups: ECOWAS, IMF, IBRD, UNCTAD, etc. Trade - Home Trade Retail trade: Types, functions, advantages and disadvantages, trends Wholesale trade: Types, functions Warehousing: Types, functions Channels of distribution Trade - Foreign Trade Balance of trade/payment, terms of trade Export, import and entrepôt procedures and documents Barriers to international trade Roles of Customs, Excise, Ports Authority Purchase and Sale of Goods Documents: Enquiry, quotation, invoice, bill of lading, etc. Terms of trade: Discounts, C.O.D., C.I.F., F.O.B. Means and terms of payment Aids to Trade Advertising Banking Insurance Transportation Communication Tourism Finance and Financial Institutions Money Credit Credit unions and thrift societies Stock Exchange Marketing Meaning, importance and functions Marketing concept and mix Market segmentation Public relations, customer service Sales promotion Personal selling Legal Aspects of Business Simple contract Agency, Sale of Goods Act, Hire Purchase Act Employer/employee rights Government regulations Consumer protection ICT in Commerce Computer applications ICT terms E-commerce, E-banking, E-business Business Environment and Social Responsibility Types of environment Safe products and pollution Corporate social responsibility Nationalisation, Indigenisation and Divestiture Meaning, aims, advantages, disadvantages
