(a) Name the major raw materials used in the manufacture of the following:

(i) polythene

(ii) margarine

(iii) cement

(b) State one problem associated with oil producing areas

Distinguish between cracking and reforming. Of what importance are the two processes in the petroleum industry?

State Gay-Lussac's law and illustrate the law with one chemical reaction.

(a) Explain with equation where appropriate, the functions of the following substances in the Solvay Process:

(i) limestone,

(ii) ammonia,

(iii) brine.

(b) Explain why the reaction between aqueous sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) solution and dilute hydrochloric acid is a neutralization reaction.

(c) Calculate the mass of sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) produced by the complete decomposition of 16.8g of sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV) (H = 1, O = 16, Na = 23, S = 33)

(a) Explain why transition metals

(i) have high melting points

(ii) have variable oxidation states,

(iii) exhibit paramagnetism

(b) (i) Name the impurities present in bauxite

(ii) State how the impurities in bauxite are removed

(ii) Explain why aluminium oxide is said to be amphoteric.

(c) (i) Describe the electrolysis of copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) solution, using copper electrodes.

(ii) Will the colour of the copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) solution change at the end of the electrolysis described in (c)(i) above? Give reasons for your answer.