(a)(i) Give three characteristics of homologous series.

(ii) Name two groups of compounds which form such a series.

(b) A saturated organic compound A containing two carbon atoms reacted with ethanoic acid in the presence of a mineral acid to form a compound B with a sweet smell. (i) Name the functional group present in A.

(ii) Draw the structure of A.

(iii) Write a chemical equation to show the formation of B.

(iv) Name the compound B.

(c)(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between ethyne and excess bromine.

(ii) Give IUPAC name of the product of the reaction in (c)(i)

(iii) State two conditions under which cracking takes place

(d)(i) Outline the preparation of ethanol from starch.

(ii) Give two properties of starch.

(iii) Give a reason why starch does not reduce Fehlings solution

(iv) Describe briefly a chemical test to confirm the presence of starch.

(a)(i) Name two gases that could be used to perform the fountain experiment.

(ii) State the physical property which makes the gases suitable for the experiment in (a)(i)

(b)(i) Define each of the following terms: I. solubility; II. saturated solution.

(ii) State two factors that affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid.

(iii) A salt Z of mass 10.2 g was dissolved in 15.4 cm\(^3\) of distilled water at 40°C. Calculate the solubility of Z in moldm\(^3\) at 40°C. [Mr (Z) = 331].

(c)(i) Town water supplies that have passed through iron pipes contain P and Q ions. In the presence of air, P ions are slowly converted to Q ions.

I. Identify P and Q ions. II. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between P ions, hydrogen ions and oxygen to give Q ions and water.

(ii) Explain briefly a test to confirm the purity of water.

(iii) State the effect of:

I. boiling a temporally hard water. II. adding sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) crystals to permanent hard water;

(iv) Write a balanced equation for the process in (c)(iii)I.

(a) Define electrochemical cell.

(b) Aluminium can be prepared commercially by the application of electrolysis. Name the: I. electrolyte used in the process; II. ore from which the electrolyte is obtained; III. electrodes used in the electrolysis.

(ii) Give two reasons why cryolite, NaAl F\(_6\) is added to the electrolyte?

(c)(i) List the two gaseous fuels produced from coke.

(ii) Which of the two gases listed in (c)(i) is a better fuel?

(iii) Give a reason for your answer in (c)(i)

(iv) Write a balanced equation for the production of each gaseous fuel.

(d)(i) For each of the following reactions, state what would be observed when: I. chlorine gas is bubbled through aqueous sodium iodide; II. chlorine gas is passed over heated iron in a hard glass tube; III. aqueous silver trioxonitrate (V) is added to aqueous sodium bromide.

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the reactions in (d)(i).

(a)(i) Define ionic bond.

(ii) What type of bond (s) exist (s) in: I. magnesium oxide; II. ammonium ion?

(b) Determine the oxidation number of sulphur in Na\(_2\)S\(_2\)O\(_2\).

(c) State Faraday's first law.

(d) Give one example each of: (i) acid salt; (ii) base salt.

(e) Name the type of energy change that occurs in each of the following processes

(i) I\(_{2(s)}\) \(\to\)  I\(_{2(g)}\)

(ii) Cl\(_{(g)}\) + e\(^{-}\) \(\to\) Cl\(^{-_(g)}\)

(f) State the effect of each of the following aqueous solutions on litmus paper: (i) Na\(_2\)SO\(_{4(aq)}\) (ii) AlCl\(_{3(aq)}\)

(g) Define the term efflorescence.

(h) Give two uses of activated charcoal.

(i) State one use of each of the following processes in the chemical industry: (i) hydrogenation of vegetable oil; (ii) cracking; (iii) esterification.

(j) Calculate the amount of silver deposited in moles when 10920 coulombs of electricity is passed through a solution of a silver salt. [ Faraday constant-- 96500 C mol\(^{-1}\)]

(a) Define each of the following terms:

(i) ion; (ii) isotopes.

(b)(i) Consider the:element \(_{12}\)Mg and \(_{3}\)Al

I. Write the electron configuration of each element. II. Explain briefly why the first ionization energy of \(_{12}\)Mg is greater than that of \(_{13}\)Al.

(ii) Write the formulae of three different oxides of period 3 elements that react with water.

(c)(i) What are allotropes?

(ii) Name the two crystalline allotropes of carbon.

(iii) Give one industrial use of each allotrope named in (c)(ii).

(d) On warming crystals of sodium chloride with concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid, a gas was evolved.

(i) List two physical properties of the gas produced.

(ii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.

(e) A certain chip W used in a circuit of a microcomputer has a mass of 5.68mg. Calculate the amount of W in the microcomputer. [ W = 28 gmol\(^{-1}\) ].