(a)(i) What is sewage?
(ii) State five effects of releasing untreated sewage into a stagnant water body.

(b) Explain surface terracing as a soil conservation method.

(c) Explain the term adaptation.

(d) Explain two ways each by which the following organisms adapt to their habitats:
(i) hydrophytes
(ii) xerophytes. 
 

(a) Explain the following terms:
(i) test cross
(ii) monohybrid cross.

(b) In a mango plant the, the allele for bean-shaped seed is r and is recessive to round-shaped seed R. With the aid of a genetic diagram, determine the genotypes of the offspring if:
(i) a homozygous bean-shaped parent with a homozygous round shaped parent;
(ii) a heterozygous bean-shaped parent is crossed with a heterozygous round shaped parent. 
 

(a) Copy and complete the table below 

(b) Make a labelled diagram of the carbon cycle.

(c)(i) What is Estuarine habitat?
(ii) Construct a food chain typical of an Estuarine habitat.

(d)(i) Name two diseases that can attack plant crops.
(ii) State three ways of controlling plant diseases.

(e) State four functions of a public health authority

(f) State four ways of maintaining food hygiene in the community. 

(a) (i) List three characteristics of living organisms.

(ii) Explain briefly the characteristics listed in (a)(i) above.

(b) In a tabular form, state four differences between plants and animals.

(c)(i) Name one organism that exhibits both plant and animal features.

(ii) State four animal features and two plant features possessed by the organism named in (c)(i) above.

(a) Define the following in
(i) elimination
(ii) excretion
(iii) secretion.

(b) Describe the digestion of boiled fish in the gut of humans

(c) Make a diagram 8cm - 10am long of a longitudinal section of a villus and label fully.