(a) (i) Define the term soil tillage. [2 marks]
(ii) Distinguish between primary tillage and secondary tillage. [2 marks]
(b) Outline three roles of each of the following soil management practices:
(i) Green manuring;
(ii) Mulching. [6 marks]
(c) Give six reasons for carrying out irrigation in crop production. [6 marks]
(a)(i) Define vegetative propagation. [2 marks]
(ii) Give three advantages and three disadvantages of vegetative propagation. [6 marks]
(b) State four cultural methods used for controlling crop pests in the field. [4 marks]
(c) Enumerate four harmful effects of chemical pest control. [4 marks]
(a) Distinguish between a field pest and a storage pest. [2 marks]
(b) Give two reasons for early harvesting of maize from the field. [2 marks]
(c) Describe each of the following methods of crop improvement:
(i) introduction;
(ii) cross breeding. [6 marks]
(d) List six factors that should be considered in selecting a crop variety for your locality. [6 marks]
(a) State four ways in which rangeland is important in livestock production. [4 marks]
(b) If the recommended grazing area per cattle is 3m x 3m. Calculate in hectares the carrying capacity of the rangeland illustrated in the diagram below. [6 marks]
(c) State two benefits of each of the following management practices in animal production:
(i) dipping;
(ii) vaccination;
(iii) artificial insemination. [6 marks]
(a) Give three advantages and three disadvantages of the deep litter system of poultry management. [6 marks]
(b) State three reasons for carrying out each of the following animal husbandry practices:
(i) castration of goats;
(ii) creep feeding of pigs. [6 marks]
(c) Name four local breeds of cattle reared in West Africa. [4marks]
