The circuit diagram below is a simple current rectifier circuit. Use it to answer the questions that follow:

(a) State the function of each of the parts labelled A and B. Sketch the output signal produces.

Explain the wave-particle duality of light. (b) A particle of wavelength 4.2x 10\(^{-11}\)m travels (a) With a momentum of 1.6 x 10\(^{-23}\) kg m/s,

Determine the value of the Planck's constant, h.

State three observable phenomena where a particle behaves like waves. State the scientific principle underlying the operation of fibre optics.

(b) Explain each of the following terms as used in fibre optics: (i) core; (ii) cladding

(a)(i) State Hooke's law. (ii) A spring has a length of 0.20 m when a mass of 0.30 kg hangs on it, and a length of 0.75 nm when a mass of 1.95 kg hangs on it. Calculate the: (i) force constant of the spring; (ii) length of the spring when it is unloaded. [g = 10m/s\(^2\)]

(b)(i) What is diffusion? (ii) State two factors that affect the rate of diffusion of a substance. (iii) State the exact relationship between the rate of diffusion of a gas and its density.
(c) A satellite of mass, m orbits the earth of mass. M with a velocity, v at a distance R from the centre of the earth. Derive the relationship between the period T, of orbit and R.

c(ii)
(a)(i) Define dew point. (ii) Explain why dew forms more quickly on the metal parts than on the rubber parts of a bicycle placed in the open overnight.

(b)(i) Explain the statement. the specific heat capacity of copper is 400 J/kg/K. (ii) Two metals, P and Q are supplied with the same quantity of heat.

If the ratio of the specific heat capacity of P to Q is 3: 1 and their masses are in the ratio I:2 respectively.

calculate the ratio of the temperature rise of P to Q.

(c)(i) Define coefficient of thermal conductivity of a material.

The diagram above c(ii) illustrates a composite bar of iron and copper. The bar is insulated along its sides and it has a diameter of 10 mm. The length and thermal conductivity of the iron are 0.15 m and 40 W/m/K, respectively and those of copper are 0.05 m and 360 W/m/K, respectively. If the free ends of the iron and copper are kept at 100°C and 0°C respectively. calculate the (i) temperature at the interface between the bars; (ii) rate of heat flow along the bar.