You are provided with a grooved inclined plane, a solid sphere, a stopwatch, and other necessary apparatus.

• Place the pile of paper towels at the tail end of the inclined plane to stop the sphere from rolling off the table.
• Release the sphere from a point at distance D= 140cm from the tail end of the inclined plane.
• Determine the average time t taken by the sphere to cover this distance.
• Evaluate W = D/t.
• Calculate V= 2W.
• Repeat the procedure for four other values of D= 120cm 100cm, 80 cm and 60cm respectively.
• Tabulate your readings.
• Plot a graph with V on the vertical axis and t on the horizontal axis
• Determine the slope, s, of the graph.
• What is the significance of s?
• State two precautions taken to obtain accurate results.

(b)i. Write the equation for the velocity ratio of an inclined plane, giving the meaning of the symbols used.

ii. An object of mass 5kg is placed on a place inclined at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. Calculate the force on the object perpendicular to the plane when the object is at rest. (g =10ms\(^{-2}\)).

You are provided with an illuminated object, converging lens, screen, metre rule, and other necessary materials.

• Measure and record the size a\(_{o}\) of the illuminated object.
• Place the object O and the screen S on Opposite sides of the converging lens L.
• Set the distance between the object and the lens U = 30cm.
• Adjust the screen until a sharp image of the illuminated object is obtained on the screen.
•  Measure and record the size a of the image.
• Evaluate m = \(\frac{a}{a_{0}}\), and m\(^{-1}\)
• Repeat the procedure for four other values of U=35cm, 40cm, 45cm and 50cm respectively.
• Tabulate your readings.
• Plot a graph with m\(^{-1}\) on the vertical axis and U on the horizontal axis.
• Determine the slope, s, of the graph and intercept, C, on the vertical axis.
• Determine the value of U for which m\(^{-1}\)=0.
• State two precautions taken to obtain accurate results.

(b)i. Using your graph, determine the value of m for which U= 37cm.

ii. Sketch a diagram to illustrate how a converging lens may be used to produce a real diminished image of an object.

You are provided with a potentiometer AB, a 102\(\Omega\) standard resistor R, a battery of emf 4.5V, a jockey J, and other necessary materials.

1. Connect a circuit as shown in the diagram above.
2. Close key K. Without J making contact with AB, read and record the ammeter reading I. Open the key.
3. Use the jockey to make contact with AB at the 20cm mark such that AJ = x = 20cm. Close the key, read and record the ammeter reading.
4.  Evaluate x\(^{-1}\).
5. Repeat the procedure for values of x= 35cm, 45cm, 60cm, and 80cm respectively.
6. Tabulate your readings.
7. Plot a graph with x\(^{-1}\) on the vertical axis and l\(_{i}\) on the horizontal axis, starting both axes from the origin (0, 0).
8. Determine the slope, s, of the graph.
9. From your graph, determine the value l\(_{o}\) of I\(_{1}\) for which x\(^{-1}\)= 0.
10. Evaluate \(\frac{I_{o}}{I}\).
11. State two precautions taken to obtain accurate results.

(b)i. Define the emf of a battery.

ii. A cell X of emf 1.018V is balanced by a length of 50.0cm on a potentiometer wire. Another cell Y is balanced by a length of 75.0cm on the same wire. Calculate the emf of Y.