Use the diagram above as a guide to carry out the following experiment.

1. Trace the outline ABCD of the rectangular glass prism on the drawing paper provided.
2. Remove the prism. Select a point N on AB such that AN is about one-quarter of AB.
3. Draw the normal LNM. Also, draw a line RN to make an angle \(\theta\) = 75° with AB at N.
4. Fix two pins at P\(_{1}\) and P\(_{2}\) on line RN. Replace the prism on its outline.
5. Fix two other pins at P\(_{3}\) and P\(_{4}\) such that they appear to be in a straight line with the images of the pins at P\(_{1}\) and P\(_{2}\) when viewed through the prism from DC.
6. (vi) Remove the prism and the pins at P\(_{3}\) and P\(_{4}\). Draw a line to join P\(_{3}\) and P\(_{4}\) 
7. Produce line P\(_{4}\) P\(_{3}\) to meet the line DC at O. Draw a line to join NO.
8. Measure and record the values of MO and NO.
9. Evaluate \(\theta\) = \(\frac{MO}{NO}\) and cos \(\theta\).
10. Repeat the procedure for four other values of \(\theta\) = 65° 55°, 45°, and 35°. In each case, evaluate \(\theta\) and cos \(\theta\).
11. Tabulate your readings.
12. Plot a graph with cos \(\theta\) on the vertical axis and \(\theta\) on the horizontal axis.
13. Determine the slope, s, of the graph.
14. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results

(b)i. State Snell's law of refraction.

ii. Calculate the critical angle for the glass prism used in the experiment above if its refractive index is 1.5.

You are provided with cells, a potentiometer, an ammeter, a voltmeter, a bulb, a key, a jockey, and other necessary materials.

1. Measure and record the emf E of the battery. 
2. Set up a circuit as shown in the diagram above.
3. Close the key K and use the jockey to make a firm contact at J on the potentiometer wire such that PJ = x = 10cm.
4. Take the record of the voltmeter reading V and the corresponding ammeter reading I.
5. Evaluate log V and log I.
6. Repeat the procedure for other values of x =20, 30. 40, 50, and 60cm.
7. Tabulate your readings.
8. Plot a graph with the log I on the vertical axis and log V on the horizontal axis.
9. Determine the slope, s, of the graph.
10. Determine the intercept, c, on the vertical axis.
11. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.

(b)i. How is the brightness of the bulb affected as x increases? Give a reason for your answer.

ii. List two electrical devices whose actions do not obey ohm's law