You are provided with a potentiometer x y; a jockey, J; a standard resistor, R, and other necessary apparatus.

1. Connect a circuit as shown in the diagram above.
2. Close the key. Read and record the current 10 when J is not in contact with XY.
3. Let J make contact with XY at C, such that XC = l= 25 cm. Close the key. Read and record the current l.
4. Evaluate I\(^{-1}\).
5. Repeat the procedure for four other values of I = 40, 55, 70, and 85 cm. Tabulate your readings.
6. Plot a graph of l on the vertical axis against I\(^{-1}\) on the horizontal axis.
7. From your graph, deduce the value of I when l\(^{-1}\) = 0. Evaluate \(\frac{|O}{1}\)
8. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.

(b)i) Explain what is meant by the potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.

ii. A piece of resistance wire of diameter 0.2m and resistance 7\(\Omega\) has a resistivity of 8.8 x 10\(^{-7}\) \(\Omega\)m. Calculate the length of the wire. [\(\pi\) = \(\frac{22}{7}\)].

Using the diagram as a guide, carry out the following instructions:

1. Fix a plain sheet of paper on the drawing board.
2. Place the rectangular glass prism on the paper and trace its outline, ABCD. Remove the prism.
3. Draw a normal NMP to meet AB and DC at M and P respectively such that |AM| =|DP| = 2.0cm.
4. Trace the ray PQ with two pins, P\(_{1}\), and P\(_{2}\), at P and Q respectively such that angle MPQ = i = 5º.
5. Replace the prism on its outline. Trace the emergent ray with two other pins P\(_{3}\) and P\(_{4}\) such that they lie in a straight line with P\(_{2}\) and the image of P\(_{1}\) viewed through the glass prism.
6. Measure and record \(\theta\), the angle between the emergent ray and the face AB of the glass prism.
7. Evaluate cos \(\theta\) and sin i.
8. Repeat the procedure for four other values of i= 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25°. Tabulate your readings.
9. Plot a graph of cos \(\theta\) on the vertical axis against sin i on the horizontal axis.
10. Determine the slope of the graph.
11. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.  Attach your traces to your answer booklet

(b)i. State the laws of refraction of light.

ii. Explain what is meant by the statement the refractive index of a material is 1.65.

1.  Measure and record the length XY of the resistance wire provided.
2. Connect the circuit shown in the diagram.
3. With R= O\(\Omega\), close the key, K. Read and record the current 1\(_{o}\) and the voltage drop V\(_{o}\) across the resistance wire.
4. Setting R = 1\(\Omega\). close the key. Read and record the current, I, and the corresponding voltage drop, V across the wire.
5. Repeat the procedure for five other values of R= 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60\(\Omega\). Tabulate your readings.
6. Plot a graph of V on the vertical axis against 1 on the horizontal axis.
7. Determine the slope of the graph
8. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.

(b)i. Mention and state the law on which the experiment in (a) is based.

ii. A piece of resistance vire of diameter 0.2 mm and resistance m has a resistivity of 8.8 x 10\(^{-7}\)\(\Omega\)m, calculate the length of the Wire. [\(\pi\) =\(\frac{22}{7}\)]

1. Fix the 100g mass marked P at B, the 80 cm mark of the uniform metre rule, using an adhesive.
2. Suspend another 100g mass marked Q at A, a distance V = 10.Ocm from the 0 cm mark of the metre rule.
3. Balance the whole arrangement horizontally on a knife edge as shown in the diagram above.
4. Measure and record the distance U of K from the 0 cm mark of the metre rule.
5. Repeat the procedure for five other values of V = 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0 and 35.0 cm
6. In each case, measure and record the Corresponding values of U. Tabulate your readings.
7. Plot a graph of U on the vertical axis against V on the horizontal axis.
8. determine the:
   (1) slope, s, of the graph
   (2) intercept c, on the vertical axis.
9. Evaluate (i) K\(_{1}\) =\(\frac{(1 - 2s)}{s}\) 100:
                 (ii) K\(_{2}\) = \(\frac{2c}{s}\) - 160
10. State two precautions taken to ensure an accurate result

(b)i. State two conditions under which a rigid body at rest remains in equilibrium when acted upon by three non-parallel coplanar forces.

ii. Explain how the position of the centre or gravity of a body affects the equilibrium of the body.

Using the diagram as a out the guide carry out the following instructions:

1. Place the pin O horizontally inside the cylinder provided. Pour some water on the pin in the cylinder such that the length of the water column / = SO = 10.0cm, where S place the represents the water meniscus.
2. lnsert another pin, P in the cork held by the boss of the retort stand.
3. Adjust the position of P vertically upward or 0 formed by refraction at S.
4. Read and record the distance h = PO.
5. Repeat the procedure for four other values of 1= 15, 20, 25, and 30cm.
6. In each case measure and record the corresponding value of h. Tabulate your readings.
7. Plot a graph of h on the vertical axis against l on the horizontal axis.
8. Determine the slope, s, of the graph
9. Evaluate (i) K\(_{1}\) = 1 - S
                 (ii) K\(_{2}\) = \(\frac{1}{k}\)
10. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate results.

(b)i. Explain the total internal reflection of light.

ii. A rectangular glass prism of thickness 6 cm and refractive index 1.5 is placed on the page of a book. The prints on the book are viewed vertically down Determine the apparent upward displacement of the print.