(a) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe an experiment to illustrate the relationship between the volume and the temperature of a given mass of air at constant pressure.

(b) A uniform capillary tube of negligible expansivity sealed at one end, contains air trapped by a pellet of mercury. The trapped air column is 13.7cm long at 0°C and 18.7cm long at 100°C. Calculate the cubical expansivity of the air at constant pressure.

(c) Using the kinetic theory of gases, explain why the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure increases with increase in temperature. 
 

(a) State the laws of electromagnetic induction.

(b) Draw a labelled diagram of a simple d.c. generator and explain how it works.

(c) State three methods by which higher e.m.f. could be obtained from the generator. 

(a) Explain the following, illustrating your answer with one example in each case: (i) nuclear fusion: (ii) nuclear fission: (iii) radiation hazards.

(b) State two advantages of fusion over fission and explain briefly why, in spite of these advantages, fusion is not normally used for the generation of power.

(c) The current, I in an a.c. circuit is given by the equation: \(I = 30 sin 100\pi t\), where t is the time in seconds. Deduce the following from this equation: (i) frequency of the current (ii) peak value of the current, (iii) r.m.s value of the current.

(a) What is meant by the statement: The specific heat capacity of copper is \(400 J kg^{-1}K^{-1}\)?

(b)(i) Describe an experiment to determine the specific heat capacity of copper using a copper ball.

(ii) State two precautions necessary to obtain accurate results

(iii) A piece of copper ball of mass 20 g at 200°C is placed in a copper calorimeter of mass 60 g containing 50 g of water at 30°C, ignoring heat losses, calculate the final steady temperature of the mixture (Specific heat capacity of water = \(4.2 J g^{-1}K^{-1}\)) (Specific heat capacity of copper = \(0.4 Jg^{-1}K^{-1}\)).

(a) Describe an experiment to show how the frequency of the note emitted by a vibrating string depends on the tension in the string

(b) Draw diagrams showing a vibrating string fixed at both ends emitting (i) fundamental frequency (ii) second overtone indicate the nodes and antinodes on the diagrams

(c) With the aid of a ray diagram show how a virtual image of an object is formed by a (i) concave mirror (ii) converging lens