(a) With the aid of labelled diagrams, describe the instruments used to measure rainfall.

(b) Explain how the instruments are used to obtain total annual rainfall.

(c) State any two precautions to be taken in the use of the instruments.
 

(a) (i) Define the term migration (ii) Name four types of migration in Africa 
(b) Outline any four causes of migration in Africa 
(c) Suggest any three ways by which migration can be reduced in Africa ? 
 

 (a) What is a plateau?

(b) List two types of plateaux.

(c) Describe the formation of any one type of plateau listed in (b) above.

(d) Highlight three ways in which plateaux are of importance to man.
 

(a) Define the term soil.

(b) Outline three functions of soil.

C. Highlight any two negative effects c' man's activities on soil.

(d) Describe any two methods of conserving soil. 
 

Write explanatory notes on the following: 
(a) formation of clouds;

(b) relief rainfall.