(a) Draw an outline map ofAfrica. On the map show and name:
(i) one major river that drains into the Mediterranean sea;
(ii) one major river that crosses the Equator twice;
(iii) One major river that drains into the Indian oce
(iv) One rift valley lake;
(v) One man-made lake;
(vi) One lake crossed by the Equator

(b) Highlight five factors that limit the use of African rivers. 
 

Study the map extract on a scale of 1:50,000 and answer the following questions:

(a) Draw an outline of the area to a scale of 1:150,000

(b) On your outline, mark and name:
(i) a nodal settlement;
(ii) one secondary road;
(iii) the trigonometrical station northwest of Kaiama.

(c) Calculate the full length of River Gbesha in the north eastern part of the map from point X

(d) Identify: (i) two land use types in the mapped area;
(ii) three social amenities in Kaiama.
 

(a) Describe any three of the following survey instruments:
(i) ranging poles; (ii) chain; (iii) cross staff; (iv) arrows.

(b) Outline the processes involved in carrying out a Chain Survey. 
 

(a) (i) With the aid of a diagram, identify the main lines of latitude.
(ii) Calculate the distance between Addis Ababa in Ethiopia (latitude 10°N) and Maseru in Lesotho (latitude 30°S).

(b) (i) Define revolution of the earth.
(ii) Describe how revolution of the earth affects the length of day and night in the Northern Hemisphere.
 

(a) Describe four characteristics of igneous rocks

(b) Using specific examples, state four ways in which metamorphic rocks are useful to man.