(a) Describe two methods of irrigation agriculture in the Nile Valley

(b) Give three reasons for the development of irrigation agriculture in this region

(c) Highlight four problems associated with this type of agriculture in the Nile Valley
 

(a) Draw an outline map of West Africa and on it, show and name
(i) any three member countries of the ECOWAS
(ii) the capital cities of the countries shown

(b) Outline any three objectives of the ECOWAS

(c) Explain three factors that have limited the full attainment of these objectives
 

(i) On an outline map of Africa, mark and name
(i) the equatorial climatic zone
(ii) one Mediterranean zone
(iii) one important town in each zone

(b) State four characteristics of the equatorial climate

(c) Describe two ways in which the equatorial climate affects agriculture 
 

(a)(i) Describe four classes of towns based on their functions. (ii) Give one example of each of the described in (a)( i) above. 
(b) Explain four ways in which rural and urban areas are interdependent. 

Study the map extract on a scale 1:100,000 and answer the following questions:

(a) Draw an outline of the area to a scale of 1:300,000.

(b) On your outline, insert and name:
(i) the settlements of Pindiga and Yalo;
(ii) one 1900 ft contour line;
(iii) the minor roads.

(c) Calculate the actual distance along the minor road from Futuk to the point where it leaves the area on the map.

(d) Describe the influence of relief and drainage on the distribution of settlements shown on the map.