(a) What is soil?

(b) Explain the process of soil formation

(c) Describe a typical soil profile 
 

(a) Name four components of the ecosystem

(b) How does the carbon cycle explain the inter-dependence of the components in the ecosystem? 
 

(a) Account for the rapid growth of world population in the last two decades

(b) Explain any three problems arising from this rapid growth

(c) Suggest solutions to these problems 
 

(a) Differentiate clearly between urban settlements and rural settlements

(b) Explain four factors responsible for tl-increase in size of urban settlements

(c) Highlight four problems associated with such growth. 
 

(a) Explain, giving examples, four ways in which physical factors may hinder the development of road transportation

(b) Discuss any four factors responsible for the poor network of railways in tropical African countries