The set-up shown in the diagram below was used to separate a drop of universal indicator into the constituent dyes using ethyl ethanoate as the solvent.

(a) What name is given to the separate strated in the diagram?

(b) State: (i) how many components are resolved in the separation;

(ii) the material normally used in laborary as the adsorbent medium;

(iii) which of the labels the point of application of the indicator.

(a)(i) Give two uses of chlorine.

(ii) State the action of chlorine on moist blue litmus paper

(b) Draw a labelled diagram for the laboratory preparation of a dry sample of chlorine

(c) State the type of reaction involved between chlorine and (i) aqueous iron (II) chloride;

(ii) propane. Write an equation for each reaction and name the product formed in (c)(ii).

(d) Consider the reactions the following equations: Cl\(_{2(g)}\) + 2Br\(^-_{(aq)}\) \(\to\) 2Cl\(^-_{(aq)}\) + Br\(_{2(g)}\)

F\(_{2(g)}\) + 2Cl\(^-_{(aq)}\) ---> 2F\(^-_{(aq)}\) + Cl\(_{2(g)}\)

From the equations, arrange bromine, chlorine and fluorine in increasing order of oxidizing ability. Give the reason for your answer.

(a) Name one gaseous hydrocarbon which is

(i) used for welding.

(ii) a major raw material for the plastic industry.

(b) Write the structural formula of the hydrocarbon in (a)(i) above. Name the process by which it can be converted to neoprene rubber.

(c) Potatoes contain a high proportion of carbohydrate.

(i) Give the main product formed when potatoes are dehydrated completely

(ii) Describe how you would convert potatoes to ethanol. State the reactions involved the process and write equation for the final stage of the conversion.

(iii) Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you  would use to obtain a sample of fairly pure ethanol from the product formed in (c)(ii) above. What is the name given to the technique?

(a) Give three differences between electrovalent compounds and covalent compounds 

(b) List two physical properties of metals which can be accounted for by their structure

(c) Thorium (Th) metal undergoes a reaction represented by the following equation:

\(^{234}_{90}Th \to X + ^{234}_{91}Pa\)

(i) State the type of process involved in the reaction

(ii) Balance the equation equation and hence identify X.

(iii) Name one equipment which can be used to detect X.

(iv) Sketch a curveto show the mass of given quantity of thorium will change over a long period of time.

(d) Y is a moderately reactive divalent found naturally in the combined state as the trioxocarbonate (IV) salt, YCO\(_3\) is decomposed by strong heat, state the steps you would use in extracting Y from the ore. Write equation to show the chemical processes involved.

(a) State two factors which can affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

(b) 0.72g of magnesium was added to different volumes of 2 mol. per dm\(^3\) hydrochloric acid. The volume of liberated was as measured at room temperature and pressure. The result of the experiment was as tabulated

Use the data in the table to plot a graph of the volume of hydrogen liberated against the volume of acid used.

(c) From the graph in (b) above, determine the volume of: (i) hydrogen that would be produced if 50 cm\(^3\) of the acid were added to 0.72g of magnesium.

(ii) the acid which must be added to 0.72 g of magnesium to produce 480 cm\(^3\) of hydrogen;

(iii) the acid needed exactly to dissolve 0.72 g of magnesium completely.

(d) Explain your answer to (c)(iii).

(e) From your answers to (c) above, deduce the: (i) volume of the acid which will dissolve 1 mole of magnesium completely. (Mg = 24)

(ii) volume of hydrogen that would be liberated if 1 mole of magnesium dissolves completely in the acid;

(iii) equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Show clearly how you arrived at you answers