(a)(i) Draw the structure of the sixth member of the alkenes.

(ii) Calculate the relative molecular mass of the sixth member of the alkene.

(iii) State one difference between cracking and reforming in the petroleum industry. [H = 1, C = 12]

(b)(i) Define the term enthalpy of neutralization.

(ii) Describe briefly how the enthalpy of neutralization of the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide could be determined.

(c) An electrochemical cell is constructed with copper and silver electrodes.

(i) State which of the electrodes will be the: 1. anode; II. cathode.

(ii) Give the reason for your answer in 3(c)(i).

(iii) State the type of reaction occurring at each electrode.

(iv) Write a balanced equation for the overall cell reaction.

(d)(i) Name the compound formed when iron is exposed to moist air for a long time.

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in 3(d)(i).

(iii) Name one ore of iron.

(a)(i) Draw and label a diagram for the laboratory preparation of a dry sample of sulphur(IV)oxide.

(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (a)(i).

(iii) State the precaution that must be taken in the preparation of the gas stated in (a)(i).

(iv) Give a reason why the precaution stated in (a)(ii) must be taken.

(b)(i) State Dalton's law of partial pressures.

(ii) The volume of a sample of methane collected over-water at a temperature of 12°C and a pressure of 700 mmHg was 30cm\(^3\). Calculate the volume of the dry gas at s.t.p. [Saturated vapour pressure of water at 12°C is 10 mmHg] •

(c)(i) Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine and water.

(ii) Why does litmus paper turn red when put in the resulting solution in (c)(i)?

(d)(i) State the trend in the boiling points of chlorine, bromine and iodine.

(ii) Explain briefly why water has a higher boiling point than ammonia.

(a)(i) State two industrial uses of hdrogen.

(ii) Consider the equation below. Mg(HCO\(_3\))\(_{2(aq)}\)  \(\to\) MgCO\(_{3(g)}\) + H\(_2\)0\(_{(l)}\) + CO\(_{2(g)}\)

1. State the type of hardness of water being removed as shown by the above equation.

2. Give two disadvantages of hardness of water.

(b)(i) In the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis, graphite electrodes are used. State the disadvantages of using this type of electrode.

(ii) Calcuim oxide reacts with water to form slaked line: I. Write a balanced equation for this reaction; II. State one use of slaked line.

(c)(i) What is meant by saponification?

(ii) List the raw materials needed for the manufacture of soap.

(iii) Name the main by-product obtained from the manufacture of soap.

(d) With the aid of chemical equations explain briefly how iron is extracted in the blast furnace using iron ore, coke and limestone as raw materials at the:

(i) bottom of the furnace; (ii) middle of the furnace (iii) top of the furnace.

(a)(i) What is an acid-base indicator?

(ii) Give one example of an acid-base indicator.

(b) State the property exhibited by nitrogen(IV) oxide in each of the following equations:,

(i) 4Cu + 2NO\(_2\) -> 4CuO + N\(_2\) (ii) H\(_2\)O + 2NO\(_2\) --> HNO\(_3\) + HNO\(_2\)

(c)(i) Define enthalpy of combustion..

(ii) State why the enthalpy of combustion is always negative.

(d)(i) Distinguish between a primary cell and a secondary cell.

(ii) Give an example of each of the cells stated in I (d)(i).

(e) Define the term mole.

(f) Calculate the amount of hydrochloric acid in 40.0 cm\(^3\) of 0.40 moldm\(^{-3}\) dilute HCl.

(g) Name two substances which can be used as electrodes during the electroylsis of acidified water.

(h) List two forces of attraction that can exist between covalent molecules.

(i) Name the products formed when butane undergoes incomplete combustion.

(j) Write the electron configuration of \(_{26}\)Fe\(^{3+}\)

(a)(i) 1. State the periodic law.

2. What is meant by the term periodic property of elements?

(ii) List three properties of an element which show periodicity.

(iii) Explain briefly how each of the properties listed in (a)(i) in varies across the period.

(b) Defulle relative atomic mass.

(c)(i) What phenomenon is exhibited by an element Z which exist as \(^{35}_{17}Z\) and \(^{37}_{17}X\)

(ii) What accounts for the difference in the mass numbers of the element Z?

(iii) Calculate the relative atomic mass of Z if the percentage abundance of \(^{37}_{17}Z\) is 75%

(d)(i) State the method used for collecting each of the following gases: I. CO II. HCI  III. H\(_2\)  

(ii) Give a reason for your answer stated in (d)(i) I and II