(a) (i)  List the two gaseous fuels produced from coke.
(ii) Which of the two fuels listed in 5(a)(i) is a better fuel?
(iii) Give reasons for your answer in 5(a)(ii)
(iv) Write a balanced equation for the production of each of the fuels.      [9 marks]

(b)(i)  Differentiate between thermosets and thermoplastics.
(ii)   Give one example of:
I.   thermosets;
II.  thermoplastics.

(iii)  State three properties of plastics.

(c)(i) State the method of collecting gases which are denser than air.
(ii)  Name two gases that could be used to perform the fountain experiment in the laboratory.
(iii)  State the physical properties of the gases named in 5(c)(ii) which makes them suitable for the experiment.   [4 marks]
(d) (i)  State two compounds that could be used to test for water.
(ii)  Give three disadvantages of hard water.                  

1. (a ) Define the term compound.                                                

(b) State two conditions necessary for the cracking of petroleum fractions.            

(c) Name two transition elements that are used as catalyst.     
(d) (i) Write an equation for the reaction between zinc dust and trioxonitrate (V) solution.

   (ii) Which of the reactants in 1(d)(i) is:
I. reduced;
II. oxidized.                                                            

(e) Two isotopes of oxygen 16O and 18O have relative abundance of 90 % and 10 % respectively. Calculate the relative atomic mass of oxygen.            

(f)  List two ores of iron.                   

(g) (i)   What is biotechnology?                                 
(ii)   Name one product that can be obtained using biotechnology. 
(h) Define the term element.                                                          

(i)  State two sources of methane in the atmosphere.                    

(j)  Explain briefly why the trend of the boiling points for group VII elements is in the order I\(_2\) > Brl\(_2\)> Cl\(_2\).

(a) Explain the statement, the standard electrode potential of zinc is -0.76 v.What is meant by the term periodic property of elements?

(b) Consider the following standard electrode potentials:
Zn\(^{2+}\)\(_{(aq)}\) + 2e\(^-\)           Zn(s) Eᶿ  = - 0.76 V
Cu\({2+}\)\(_{(aq)}\)  +  2e\(^-\)        Cu(s)  Eᶿ = + 0.34 V

    When the two half cells are connected:
(i)         write the reaction equation at each electrode;
(ii)        write the overall cell reaction equation;
(iii)       state the type of reaction occurring at each electrode;
(iv)       calculate the e.m.f. of the cell.                    

(c) (i)    Name two chemical industries.
(ii)    State two factors that should be considered when siting a chemical industry.
(iii)       List two effects of a chemical industry on the community in which it is sited.              

(d)   Using chemical equations, explain briefly what would happen when hydrogen peroxide is added to:

(i)         silver oxide;
(ii)        chlorine gas.                                 

(e)        List three physical properties of nitrogen.                                

(a)(i) Describe briefly the laboratory preparation of hydrogen gas from the action of steam on iron.
(ii)    Write the equation for the reaction in (a)(i).
(iii)   List three methods for the industrial preparation of hydrogen gas. 
                                                           
(b)Consider the following reaction equation:
   CO(g)    +   2H\(_{2(g)}\)                CH\(_3\)OH\(_{(g)}\) + 201 kJmol-J

Predict the effect of each of the following factors on the position of equilibrium:

(i)    decrease in temperature;
(ii)   increase in pressure;
(iii)  increase in concentration of CO\(_{(g)}\).                                                   

(c) (i)   Define condensation polymerization.
(ii)   Name two condensation polymers.
(iii)  Write the formula of ethylethanoate.                                                

(d) (i)   Define the term allotropy.
(ii)     Name two crystalline allotropes of carbon.
(iii)    State one use of each of the allotropes named in (d)(ii).     

(e)    State two differences between nitrogen (I) oxide and oxygen.        

(a) (i)  Name the ore mostly used in the extraction of aluminium.
  (ii)  Name two major impurities in the ore named in (a)(i).
  (iii)  Name the material used in making the electrodes in the extraction of aluminium.
  (iv)  Give two reasons why aluminium is commonly recycled.
  (v) Explain briefly why the anode has to be replaced at regular intervals during the extraction of aluminium.         

(b)  A current of 0.75 amperes was passed through an electrolysis containing chromium ions    for one hour and four minutes. If the mass of chromium deposited was 0.52 g, calculate the:

(i)    quantity of electricity passed;
(ii)    moles of chromium deposited;
(iii)  quantity of electricity required to deposit one mole of chromium;
(iv)  charge on the chromium ion.
[Cr = 52.0, 1 F = 96500 C]                                                 

(c)  In the contact process for the manufacture of tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid, the following reaction occurs:
2SO\(_2\)\(_{(g)}\) + O\(_2\)\(_{(g)}\)              2SO\(_3\)\(_{(g)}\)    H = - 197 kJ mol\(^{-1}\)

(i)   Name the catalyst used in the reaction;
(ii)  State the optimum temperature for this reaction;
(iii) What would be the effect on the yield of SO\(_3\) if a temperature higher than the optimum is used?      

(d)(i)  State two chemical methods by which temporary hardness of water can be removed.
(ii)  Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the methods stated in (d)(i).