(a)State one function each of the following parts of the nephron:
(i) glomerulus (ii)Bowman's capsule (iii)proximal convoluted tubule (iv) distal convoluted tubule
(b) Complete the table below.
| Organism | Structure for excretion | Form in which waste is excreted by organism |
| contractile vacuole | ||
| Flatworm | ||
| Earthworm | ||
| Cockroach | ||
| Human | Liquid | |
| Stomata pore |
(c) List five excretory products of plants.
An individual ate a hot and large meal of cassava with salty groundnut soup. The individual was sweating profusely and did not drink water after the meal.
(a) State one role each played by the following organs involved in the activity above:
(i) mouth; (ii) skin; (iii) tongue; (iv) kidney; (v) stomach; (vi) small intestine; (vii) large intestine; (viii) liver.
(b) Name three of the organs listed in 2(a) that contain enzymes needed to breakdown the food.
(c) Name three digestive enzymes that would be involved in the digestion of the meal.
(d) Name two end products of the meal after digestion.
(e)(i) State one effect that the excess salt in the meal might have on the individual.
(ii) State three advantages that the individual would derive from the meal.
(a)A piece of raw meat was left in an uncovered bowl for seven days. Use the information to answer questions 3(a) and 3(b).
(i) State four likely changes that would be observed in the meat.
(ii) Name the biological process that led to the changes that are observed in the meat.
(iii)On the table below, list four methods of preserving meat to prevent it from the changes stated in 3a(i) and mention the principle involved in the methods.
| Four methods of preserving the meat | One principle involved in the preservation method |
(iv)Name two environmental factors that may be responsible for the changes in 3a(i)
(b) Name one method of preserving the following food items:
(i) dried maize grains; (ii) fresh tomatoes; (iii) vegetables; (iv) beans; (v) milk
a(i)Complete the table below by stating the type of cell division and the type of set of chromosomes for the listed cells.
| Cell | Type of cell division | set of chromosomes |
| Onion cell | mitosis | |
| Sperm cell | ||
| Pollen grain | ||
| Ovum | ||
| Guard cell | ||
| Cheek cell | diploid |
(ii) What is mitosis?
(b)Explain briefly how parents with blood groups A or B could have an offspring with blood group O.
(c)Explain briefly how genes are involved in the process of evolution.
SECTION B
a(i)What is competition?
(ii)List two types of competition.
(iii)List four factors that organisms compete for in a habitat.
(iv)Explain briefly the relationship between competition and succession.
b(i)What is structural adaptation?
(ii)State four types of structural adaptations in animals.
(c)List four features of variation in humans that are used in crime detection.
(d)Complete the table below by listing three types of adaptive colouration in animals and give one example each of animals that show the colourations.
| Three types of adaptive colouration in animals | One example of animal that show the type of colouration |
(e) Give three examples of plants found in a tropical Rainforest.
