(a) What is sexual reproduction?

(b) State five functions of the placenta and four functions of the umbilical cord of a mammal.

(c) List four types of placentation in flowering plants.

(d) State four conditions necessary for seed germination. 
 

(a)(i) Define ecological succession.
(ii) List four characteristics of ecological succession of plants.

(b) Explain four factors which affect population size

(c) State the adaptation of tapeworm (Taenia Solium) to its habitat in the gut of human. 

(a) Explain the following terms:
(i) Producer
(ii) Consumer
(iii) Community
(iv) Decomposer.

(b) List four characteristics each of:
(i) Trees of the Tropical Rain Forest IP
(ii) Trees/Shrubs of the Savanna.

(i) Draw and label the human sperm cell.
(ii) State where the sperm cell is produced and where it is stored.

(b) Explain how the structure of the sperm cell enables it to function

(c) Mention four advantages of sexual reproduction. 

(a)(i) Draw and label.the mammalian heart.
(ii) Explain briefly pulmonary circulation in mammals.

(b) State five processes by which the mammalian body reduces its temperature.