(a) Write the chemical equation for each of the following processes:
(i) aerobic respiration
(ii) anaerobic respiration in plants
(iii) anaerobic respiration in animals.

(b) State four functions which the liver of a patient suffering from cancer of the liver will not be able to perform.

(c) Make a diagram 8 -10 cm long of a flame cell and label fully. 

(d) Name one appropriate hormone each responsible for the following conditions in plants:
(i) ripening of fruits
(ii) breaking dormancy in seeds
(iii) weed control
(iv) leaf fall.

(a)(i) Name two types of germination of seeds giving one example of each type.
(ii) Describe a simple experiment to demonstrate that oxygen, water and warmth are necessary for germination of seeds.

(b) State two distinguishing features each of
(i) epiphytes
(ii) parasites

(c) Give two examples o parasitic plants.

(a) Write short notes on each of the following:
(i) ecological niche
(ii) population density
(iii) climax continually

(b) Describe briefly the interactions between abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem.

(a) List four characteristics which can be genetically transmitted in humans.

(b)(i) Name two sites eac• in plants and animals where meiosis occurs.
(ii) State two differences between meiosis and mitosis

(c) A woman with blood group 'A' (heterozygous) claimed that her son who has blood group '0' was fathered by Mr. James who has blood group 'A' (homozygous). With the aid of suitable genetic diagrams
(i) prove or disprove the woman's claim
(ii) give reasons to support your answer.

 (a)(i) What is placentation?
(ii) Name two organs associated with the human placenta.

(b) State five functions of the human placenta.

(c) Write short notes on the following:
(i) viviparity
(ii) territoriality
(iii) seasonal migration