(a) Explain why an athlete in a race would be given a glucose drink rather than a piece of bread.

(b) Outline the test for starch in a given food substance.

(c) State five reasons why water is important in human diet. 
 

 (a) What is meant by the term Food chain?

(b) Draw a food chain involving four trophic levels which can be found in a terrestrial habitat.

(c) Explain
(i) the flow of energy through the food chain drawn in (b) above;
(ii) how energy in the chain is lost to the environment.

 (a) What is variation?

(b) State five advantages of variation within a species.

(c) In a tabular form, outline four differences between continuous and discontinuous variations.

(d) Explain the following terms:
(i) Sex-linked characters
(ii) Co-dominance
(iii) Hybrid vigour  

(a) With the aid of annotated diagrams only, outline the water cycle.

(b) Describe an experiment to show that water is conducted in the xylem tissue of flowering plants.

(a) What is growth?

(b) State two differences each between;
(i) growth in plants and animals
(ii) metamorphosis in housefly and toad.

(c) Name two hormones each involved in:
(i) plant growth
(ii) animal growth.

(d) State the effects of the hormones named in (c) above.

(e) Name the type of germination which takes place in:
(i) monocotyledonous plants
(ii) dicotyledonous plants.

(f) In a tabular form state four differences between the forms of germination named in (e) above.