(a) Explain the term ration as used in animal production.

(b) Explain how each of the following factors influence feed formulation for farm animals: (i) physiological status of animal;

(ii) age of animal; (iii) purpose of production; (iv) availability of feed ingredients.

(c) Describe the process of preparing palm kernel cake.

(d) Give two differences between broiler starter mash and broiler finisher mash.

(a) State three ways in which each of the following factors hinders livestock production in West Africa: (i) breeding; (ii) nutrition; (iii) healthcare; (iv) government policy; (v) finance.

(b) Mention five factors that affect productivity of pastures.

(a) Name four parts of the reproductive system of each of the following farm animals: (i) bull; (ii) hen.

(b) Give one function of each of the parts named in 3(a).

(c) Describe the process of cassava tuber in the mouth of a pig.

(a)(i) List five external parts of a cock. (ii) Name three viral diseases that could affect poultry.

(b) State five signs that could be observed in a sick farm animal.

(c) Explain each of the following terms as used in livestock production: (i) drenching; (ii) dipping.

(d) Name three body systems in farm animals.

(a) State five differences between the digestive systems of a goat and a chicken.

(b) Explain each of the following terms as used in animal production:

(I) rumination;

(ii) coprophagy.

(c) Give one reason for carrying out each of the following practices in livestock production:

(i) creep feeding; (ii) steaming-up; (iii) flushing.

(d)(i) State four ways in which rangelands are important. (ii) List four practices that could be carried out to improve pastures.