(a) Discuss two possible solutions to each of the following problems of agricultural development in Africa:

(i) Poor transportation

(i) Environmental degradation

(ii) Use of crude farm tools.

(b) State three precautions that should be taken when using each of the following types of farm power:

(i) Animal power

(ii) Electrical power.

(c) Enumerate six reasons for maintaining farm tools and implements.

(a) Explain the following terms used in agricultural ecology:

(i) Soil texture

(ii) Soil profile.

(b) (i) Discuss three advantages of grafting.

(ii) Mention two crops that could be propagated by grafting.

(c) State four cultural practices that could be used to replenish nutrients in the soil.

(d) List four measures that could be adopted by farmers to control pests in grain stores.

(a) Discuss the cultivation of Citrus spp under the following headings:

(i) Method of propagation
(ii) Spacing in the field
(iii) Nursery practices
(iv) Pests
(v) Diseases.

(b) Define the following terms:

(i) Surface irrigation
(ii) Surface drainage.

(c) Discuss three advantages of each of the following terms:

(i) Surface irrigation

(ii) Surface drainage.

(a) Describe the life cycle of the variegated grasshopper.

(b) List five ways through which diseases are spread on crop farms.

(c) List six characteristics of a good layer.

(a) Complete the following table under the following

(b) Discuss five advantages of the battery cage system in poultry production.   

(c) State five reasons why some agricultural extension programmes are not successful in West Africa.