(a) Explain the term commercial farming. [2 marks]

(b) Mention two agricultural produce used by each of the following agro-based industries: (i) canning industry; (ii) beverage industry; (iii) feed mill. [6 marks]

(c) State two aims of each of the following organizations involved in agricultural development in West Africa: (i) International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) (ii) International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA)

(d) What is surface irrigation? [2 marks]

(e) Describe the following horizons of the soil profile: (i) horizon A; (ii) horizon D. [2 marks] 

(a) Explain each of the following terms; (i) farmstead (ii) secondary tillage. [4 marks] 

(b) State one function of each of the following parts of a mouldboard plough: (i) hitch; (ii) furrow wheel; (iii} disc coulter; (iv) plough share; (v) mouldboard. [5 marks] 

(c) Describe one natural process that takes carbon away from the atmosphere. [2 marks] 

(d) Outline three ways of replenishing plant nutrients in the soil. [3 marks]

(e) State two deficiency symptoms of calcium in crops. [2 marks] 

(f) List four soil organisms. [2 marks] 

(a) Discuss the cultivation of cassava under the following headings: (i) soil requirements; (ii) spacing (iii) one disease; (iv) one pest. [5 marks]

(b) Differentiate between natural pasture and artificial pasture. [2 marks]

(c). Explain the term disease as used in crop production. [2 marks] 

(d)  State Mendel's law of independent assortment of genes. [2 marks]

(e) Explain the term regeneration as a forest management practice. [2 marks]

(f) State five effects of deforestation. [5 marks] 

(a) What is elasticity of demand? [2 marks]

(b) Explain each of the following terms as used in agricultural production: (i) collateral: (ii) farm inventory record. [4 marks]

(c) State three merits and three demerits of the retailer in the marketing of agricultural produce, [6 marks]

(d) State two roles of each of the following hormones in animal reproduction: (i) testosterone; (ii) progrestrone. [4 marks]

(e) List four ways of preserving fish. [4 marks] 

(a) Highlight five roles of agricultural extension in agricultural development in West Africa. [5 marks]

 (b) Outline four problems faced by agricultural extension workers in West Africa. [4 marks] 

(c) Discuss the cultivation of groundnut under the following headings: (i) soil requirements (ii) method of propagation: (iii) two methods of storage [5 marks]

 (d) Mention two field pests and two storage pests of maize. [4 marks] ,