Explanation

a. (i) Challenges that make the conservation of resources difficult:
    - Limited land area for development leads to the rapid destruction of the natural forest;
    - Over grazing/over fishing;
    - Poaching/ killing of endangered species;
    - Bush burning/poor farming methods;
    - Over cultivation of land;
    - High demand for timber that has resulted in the felling of trees/indiscriminate cutting of trees for firewood;
    - Damming of rivers for hydro-electricity and irrigation has resulted in the alteration of the ecosystem;
    - Lack of awareness of the populace and policy makers of the need for conservation/lack of education;
    - Improper enforcement of existing laws/poor leadership;
    - Forest fire;
    - Inadequate funding in conservation;
    - Lack of international/local cooperation on conservation;
    - Illegal/unlawful exploitation of minerals.

    (ii) Ways by which Government ensures the conservation of resources:
    - Creation of parks/gardens/wildlife/zoo/reserves;
    - Putting in place a chemical and toxic waste dump programmes to avoid water pollution;
    - Enactment of conservation laws;
    - Enforcement of conservation laws;
    - Creating awareness/education through the media;
    - Establishment of conservation fund;
    - Training of conservation personnel/employing experts to manage natural resources;
    - Establishing local and international cooperation;
    - Aforestation/planting of trees.

b. Endangered species
    - Species whose population has become so small; that it can completely be wiped out/become extinct; if not properly managed.

c. (i) Genotype of child: OO
   (ii) Genotype of Father: OO; AO; BO; 
  
d. Importance of genetic variation to plants
    - It enables plants to spread to colonies/new areas;
    - It may enable plants to survive harsh/adverse conditions/environments;
    - It may enable plants to be resistant to diseases;
    - It gives rise to varieties of desirable plant species;
    - It makes plants produce better fruits/yield;
    - It makes plants produce early yield;

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