Explanation

.(a) The end product of compost making is organic manure or compost

(b) Advantages of Organic manure:

• It promotes the activities of living creatures or microorganisms in the soil.
• It adds more humus to the soil, thus increasing the nutrients for plants growth. 
• It improves soil structure by binding loose particles together.
• absorbs heat readily during the day and loses it slowly during the night due to its dark colour.  
• It controls soil temperature.
• It helps to conserve soil water.
• It balances the acid/base condition of the soil.
• it prevents erosion by improving the structure and reducing run-off.
• It aids aeration of the soil.

(c)(i) Vertical section through a virgin land

(ii) The diagram is a soil profile

(d)(i) The crops are deficient in nitrogen,
(ii) Deficiency symptoms are corrected by the application of nitrogenous fertilizers, e.g. NPK, Urea, (NH\(_{4}\)), SO\(_{4}\), Ammonium nitrate.

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