Key Features:
- No of Pages: 85
- No of Chapters: 5
Introduction:
Abstract
This work Relevance of African Media System in Communicating Environmental Risk in Nigeria is for the knowledge impartment on people that do not know the environmental risks. There fore the work is divided into five chapters. Chapter one comprise the background to the study who discussed the major problems that are risks inherent in Ukelle community in Yala local government area of Cross River State and it also states the problems, the purpose of the study, research questions, hypotheses, conceptual and operational definition of terms use in writing this research topic, chapter two also comprises of sources of literature review. More, in chapter three, I discuss the method use in this study, population of the study which is 15.237 and the sample of 200 were used which is solved with statistical chi-square table as the technique and analysis. Chapter four equally, treated data presentation and analysis which is analyzed with the simple statistical percentage together with research question, answers and testing of hypothesis, where as chapter five consist of summary, conclusion and recommendation which stated that for the fact that the rural dwellers dominated the population of African traditional system of communication, it is said to be the most effective channels that reach them and that planners and environmental risk message packagers suppose to observe norms and values existing in the various communities and that those living in risky areas suppose to be encouraged in planning and exciting environmental note programmes.
Table of Content
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Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The effect of a bad environmental hazard on the health of an individual is not hidden. It could be seen through the poor quality of life especially now that there are frequent outbreaks of diseases. One wonders whether our environment will be left to decay due to neglect. Nwabueze (2007:2) gave support to this when he noted that the environment include the totality of activities, actions and situations that shape the existence of man or any organization in a given habitation.
Nowadays, the greatest challenge facing all nations is how to preserve the environment for the benefit of future generations. In most developing countries like Nigeria, there exist wide ranges of environmental problems which constitute environmental risk.
Moreover, the federal government through federal environmental protection agency (FEPA) and other related agencies is doing their best to check the situation. At the level, various state environmental protection agencies including non governmental organizations are trying their best towards the eradication environmental problems (Nwabueze 2004: 1-3). But despite all these efforts, environmental problems have continue to exist in the nation as it nothing is been done.
Although, environmental problems are seen everywhere both in urban and rural areas, one has to agree with two communication development experts, Colin Frazer and Sonia Refrepoe Strada cited in Olubunmi (2003:21) who insisted that for every problem, there is a solution through communication, but Olubumi (supra) argues that any attempt to address all environmental problems consequently involve all human beings on earth; he further indicated that the process cannot be possible without effective communication.
Thus, according to Edwin – Emery (1969:11) communication is the act of transmitting information, ideas and attitude from one person to another. He equally stipulated that before communication can be said to have taken place, that there must be sources, otherwise, called the encoder, and audience receiver also called decoder.
Robert (1982: 96) equally agree with this when he say that communication also makes art, science, literature and political possible and comprehensible: adding that through communication man avoids the frustrating loneliness of isolation and finds a way of ratifying his needs and wants.
Similarly, Javawera (1991: 17) defines communication as “an interaction process through which persons or groups relate to each other and share information, experiences and culture”.
Therefore, the context of communication comprehensively clear and is beyond a reasonable doubt to the extent one cannot claim to have communicated without the receiver giving feedback to show that, what communicated is understood.
Moreso, African communication system will not be over emphasized, being that African system is indispensable in the communicating process, it especially in the rural areas, because, the channels are trusted and the majority of the people seems to believe in what comes out of them.
Regrettably, not all change agents realize the greatest opportunities they loose when they ignore this system of African communication. It may be on the basis of not having wider reach, but these systems as Wilson (2006: 10-11) says, political interest groups, political union, ethnic and town unions, national council for women, association, self help group, cooperative societies and cultural groups.
Nevertheless, other ones can not be over emphasized, owing to the fact that, there are still communication themselves these include, masquerade groups, choral groups festival traveling theatre such as: African weeding ceremonies and initiation rites. Others are spiritual groups. Like Ogboni, Amorc, Witchcraft Societies, shrine and other organization in an open place such as family meeting (nuclear and extended) other ones include village announcer or town criers among others. However, opinion leaders do also help in influencing their followers by inculcating environment friendly attitude on them. This study is therefore designed to ascertain the relevance of trade system in communicating an environmental risk in Ukelle community in Yala local government area of Cross River state.
Historically Ukelle is comprised of four (4) villages which include: Wanokom, Wanihem and Wanikade, but according to historical background, Wanokom is the oldest that rule others according to the legend of how Ukelle was, when chief Ikpa Onah, was ruling, there was oneness of hearts, but after his death, the whole of the community were in crisis because, there were confused pertaining who will be the next king, ever before some were told that there were not sons of the soil which lured many of them to relocate their original lands.
These four villages lived in a place called Wanokom about 20km West of the present site. Interms of location, Ukelle is located in South East Corner of Yala Local Government Area of Cross River State.
It occupies an area of approximately 25km or 230 miles and has population of 15.237 out of 1405 million people in 2006 population according to N.P.C. office in Yala local government headquarter.
Their main occupation are trading, teaching, palm fruit processing and farming.
Major environmental problems inherent in Ukelle community are erosion, deforestation, bush burning and other unfriendly environmental culture such as detecting in the bush, dumping hazardous waste on the road.
In Ukelle the following exist as the major trade system of communication: council of local chief and masquerade while the town crier functions as the broadcaster, others include age grade, objective which according to Nwogu (2005:177) are communication instrument based on objects which are non verbal information dissemination like palm fond (LIBU) kolanut etc.
Membramophone: this is also an instrument of communication that uses membrane (skin) of animals fixed to wooden frame to produce sound such as talking drum. Nworgu (2005:17) equally describe “aerophones as wind instruments which include flutes, whistle made from bamboo, animal horn and other ones like cannon shot among others”.
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