Key Features:
- No of Pages: 57
- No of Chapters: 5
- Table of content
- Preliminary pages
- Images
- Tables
- Full research conducted
- APA Reference style
Abstract:
This work studied the impact of Organic wastes amendment on soil hydraulic properties in Owerri Imo state South East Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from one location at Federal University of Technology Owerri at a depth of 0-15cm in three replicates from the site this making a total of 15 samples. Organic amendment namely poultry dropping, pig slurry, cow dung, sheep dropping and mixture were applied at 0.4kg to all samples apart from the control. Samples were subjected to Standard routine analysis. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design (CRD). Generated data were subjected to ANOVA and significant means were separated using LSD at 5% probability level. Particle size distribution showed high level of sand, low clay and silt content. Bulk density recorded highest (1.42g/cm3) in the control compared with the amended soil. Saturated hydraulic conductivity related significantly (P= 0.05) among the amendment compared to the control. There were significant differences (P=0.05) in soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus and effective cation exchange capacity following amendment application. Significant positive correlations (P=0.05) were noted between soil organic matter and hydraulic conductivity (r2 = 0.44), total nitrogen (r2 = 0.98), pH water (r2 = 0.61) while hydraulic conductivity related significantly (P=0.05) to bulk density (r2 = 0.56), effective cation exchange capacity (r2 = 0.65), available phosphorus (r2 =0.21).
Table of Content:
CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENT v
LIST OF TABLES viii
ABSTRACT ix
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER TWO 3
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 CONCEPT OF SOIL 3
2.1.1 SOIL AND AGRICULTURE 4
2.2 SOIL FORMING FACTORS 4
2.3 SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 6
2.3.1 SOIL STRUCTURE AND SOIL CONSISTENCE 7
2.3.2 SOIL TEXTURE 8
2.3.3 BULK DENSITY 8
2.3.4 TOTAL POROSITY 9
2.4 SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 10
2.4.1 SOIL pH 11
2.4.2 SOIL NITROGEN CONTENT 12
2.4.3 AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS 12
2.4.4 CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY 13
2.4.5 EXCHANGEABLE BASIC CATION OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM 14
2.4.6 EXCHANGEABLE BASIC CATIONS OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM 15
2.4.7 EXCHANGEABLE ACIDITY 16
2.4.8 SOIL ORGANIC MATTER 17
2.5 HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES 17
2.5.1 SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY 18
2.5.2 HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY 19
2.5.3 WATER HOLDING CAPACITY 20
2.5.4 ATTERBERG LIMITS 20
2.6 ORGANIC AMENDMENT APPLICATION IN SOIL 21
2.6.1 EFFECTS OF ORGANIC WASTES ON SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 22
2.6.2 EFFECTS OF ORGANIC WASTES ON SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 23
2.6.3 EFFECTS OF ORGANIC WASTES ON SOIL BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES 24
2.6.4 EFFECT OF ORGANIC WASTES ON SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES 24
CHAPTER THREE 26
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 26
3.1 STUDY AREA 26
3.2 PREFIELD STUDY 26
3.3 FIELD STUDY 26
3.4 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 27
3.5 LABORATORY PROCEDURES 27
3.6 DATA ANALYSIS 28
CHAPTER FOUR 29
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 29
4.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 29
4.1.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 29
4.1.2 BULK DENSITY 29
4.2 HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES 31
4.2.1 SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY 31
4.2.2 MOISTURE CONTENT 31
4.3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 33
4.3.1 SOIL pH 33
4.3.2 SOIL ORGANIC MATTER 33
4.3.3 TOTAL NITROGEN 34
4.3.4 AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS 34
4.3.5 TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE ACIDITY (TEA) 34
4.3.6 TOTAL EXCHANGEABLE BASE (TEB) 35
4.3.7 EFFECTIVE CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY (ECEC) 35
4.4 CORRELATION COEFFICIENT AMONG SOIL PROPERTIES 37
CHAPTER FIVE 39
5.0 CONCLUSION 39
5.1 RECOMMENDATION 39
REFERENCE 41
Introduction:
Soil can be defined as the collection of natural bodies occupying parts of the earth surface that is capable of supporting plants growth. It has both physical and chemical properties which determine its behavior and function in terms of nutrient availability to crops, medium for plant growth, regulator of water supply, habitat for soil organism, recycling of waste and materials (Brandy and Weils 1999).
Hydraulic properties such as saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, water holding capacity and wilting point are soil characteristics that change with availability of water (Saxton et al.1986). Access of water into the soil and it’s movement towards plant roots is very important for better crop yield. Hydraulic conductivity and water retention functions are the basis for understanding flow and transport processes through the soil matrix (Ouyang et al.2013).
Soil hydraulic properties can be improved with organic amendment application in the soil. Organic amendments represents an accumulation of plant and animal residues that are broken as a result of the activities of soil micro organism and releases nutrient to the plant after their decomposition. Organic waste are substances that consist of materials containing carbon compounds (Adediran et al; 2003). Organic waste improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. It strongly influenced soil structure, aggregate stability, nutrients status, releases microbial population, increases water holding capacity, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity and reduce soil bulk density (Nweke et al; 2014).
Improvement of soil hydraulic conductivity can reduce the spate of soil erosion in Imo state.
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