Key Features:

- No of Pages: 5

- No of Chapters: 98

- Illustrations

- Tables

- Questionnaire

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Introduction:

Abstract

The researcher’s mind on the topic, “The impact of the Capital market on the

Nigerian Economy with emphasis on the role of the Nigerian Stock Exchange” was

captured when a similar topic was discussed at a seminar organized by the Bureau

for Public Enterprise (BPE) to conscientize and sensitize Nigerian people to accept

the privatization programme. The organizers sought to expose how highly

underutilized the Nigerian Stock market is and what individuals and Corporations

would gain in patronizing the market. They also compared the operations and

volume of transactions with other emerging stock markets in the world. The

research work is basically, all about assessing the extent of the impact of the

capital market on the socio-economic development of this country and an in-depth

search into ways of improving upon the operations of the Nigerian Stock

Exchange. In his findings, the researcher noted (among other things) that there was

underutilization of the Stock Exchange market due to poor enlightenment

campaign, and lack of transparency and accountability on the part of the operators

of the market. In the conclusion, the researcher admitted that the future prospects

of the exchange market is still bright but emphasized that the operators of the

market must engender accountability and transparency as this will go a long way to

re-installing much desired confidence in the investing public and guarantee the

market’s future development.

Table of Content

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

Title Page … … …. … … … … … … i

Certification … … …. …. ... … … … … ii

Dedication … … … … … … … … … iii

Acknowledgement … … … … … … … … iv

Abstract … … … … … … … … … … v

List of Figure … … … … … … … … … vi

List of Tables … … … … … … … … vii

Table of Contents … … … … … … … … vi

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study … … … … … … 1

1.1.1 Evolution of the Capital Market … … … … … 3

1.2 Statement of the Research Problems … … … … 7

1.3 Objective of the Study … … … … … … 8

1.4 Research Question … … … … … … … 8

1.5 Research Hypothesis … … … … … … 9

1.6 Significance of the Study … … … … … … 10

1.7 Scope of the Study … … … … … … … 10

1.8 Limitation of the Study … … … … … … 11

1.9 Definition of Terms … .. … … … … … 12

References … … … … … … … … 14

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Wall Street – Where It All Began … … … … 15

2.2 The Nigerian Capital Market … … … … … 16

2.3 The Role of the Nigerian Capital Market … … … … 17

2.3.1 The Pooling Function … … … … … … 19

2.3.2 Facilitating Capital Formation … … … … … 19

2.3.3 Risk Reduction Function … … … … … … 20

2.4 The concept of the Nigeria Stock Exchange … … … 20

2.5 The Nigerian Stock Exchange Market … … … 23

2.5.1 Membership of the Nigerian Stock Exchange … … 24

2.5.2 Functions and Importance of the Nigerian Stock Exchange 25

2.6 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) … … 27

2.6.1 Duties and Functions of the Securities

and Exchange Commission … … … … … 28

2.7 The Impact of the NSE Crisis on the Nigerian Capital Market 29

2.8 The Stock Exchange in Operation … … … … 34

2.8.1 The Primary Market … … … … … … 34

2.8.2 Evaluation of the Nigerian Stock Exchange … … … 39

2.8.3 The Daily Stock Summary … … … … … 41

2.9 Problems Associated with the Nigerian Stock Exchange … 47

References … … … … … … … … 50

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction ... … … … … … … … 51

3.2 Research Design … … … … … … … 51

3.3 Sources of Data … … … … … … … 52

3.3.1 Primary Data … …. … … … … … … 52

3.3.2 Secondary Data … … … … … … … 53

3.4 Method of Data Collection … … … … … … 53

3.4.1 Reasons for using the Aforementioned Methods … … 53

3.5 Determination of Population Size … … … … 54

3.6 Sample Procedure … … … … … … … 54

3.7 Methods of Administering Questionnaires … … … 55

3.8 Decision Rule … … … … … … … 55

References … … … … … … … … 57

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction … … … … … … … … 58

4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Responses from Questionnaire 59

4.3 Analysis of Interview … … … … … … 80

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS.

5.1 Summary of Findings … … … … … 86

5.2 Conclusion … … … … … … … … 87

5.3 Recommendations … … …. … … … … 88

Bibliography … … … … … … … 90

Appendix – Questionnaire … … … … … 91

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nigeria has a formal and active capital market. Before 1961, nearly all formal

savings and deposits went through the banking system while the then colonial

masters invested major capital balances for the country on the London stock

exchange. However, following the establishment of the CENTRAL BANK OF

NIGERIA in 1959, it was logical to have a stock exchange in 1960, which

commenced operations in 1961. Thus, the foundation was ordered for the

operations of the Nigerian capital market. The capital market tends to provide a

forum for the interaction of the economic surplus and economic deficits to attract

business under a highly regulated environment.

Earlier in 1959, the Central Bank of Nigeria had floated the first Nigerian

development loan stock, which was listed overseas. Subsequent issues in 1961 and

thereafter were listed on the new local exchange.

The Nigerian stock exchange is a private, non-profit making organization

limited by guarantee. It was incorporated via the inspiration and support of

businessmen and the federal government through the CBN, owned by about 300

members. The membership includes financial institutions, stockbrokers and

individual Nigerian of high integrity who have contributed to the development of

the stock market and the Nigerian economy. The council members (Board of

Director) of the stock exchange are elected at apiece annual general meeting by

members of the exchange. The tenure of the presidency is limited to one three-year

term. The council is responsible for policy-making but the Director -General

(formerly Prof. Ndi Okereke Onyiuke , Emmanuel Ikhazobor) and presently at the

time of this research, Dr. Oscar Onyema and his team of executives administer the

day to day affairs of the exchange. The council members, management and staff of

the Nigerian stock exchange as well as stockbrokers are subject to a stringent

regime of codes of conduct, which calls for a higher degree of integrity, discipline,

skill and high sense of patriotism.

Dealing members of the stock exchange are the stock broking firms licensed

by the exchange to purchase and sell shares on behalf of the investing public.

There are over 200 of them at the moment.

The exchange is a Self-Regulatory Organization (SRO), making and

enforcing rules for its members. In 1977, the exchange was reorganized and

renamed “The Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE)”. Today, the NSE has 10

functional trading floors in different parts of the country, namely; Lagos, Abuja,

Kaduna, Port Harcourt, Kano, Onitsha, Ibadan, Yola, Benin, Uyo and Ilorin.

1.1.1 Evolution of the Nigerian Capital Market

The Nigerian capital market was established in 1960 and became open for

operation in 1961. However, the evolution of the Nigerian capital market can be

traced to as far back as 1946 when the government floated a N600,000 (1.25% of

Government stock as part of the Nigerian Ten-Year plan embarked on to help raise

funds from the London Stock Exchange.

In May 1959, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in pursuance of its role

with respect to the development a capital market floated the first federation of

Nigerian development loan of N4million on behalf of the government. Due to nonexistence

of a formal securities market then, the CBN had to ensure that the stacks

carried with them reasonable assurance of marketability by introducing a central

register for matching buyers and sellers of shares and suggesting prices at which

the deals took place.

Following the favorable report of the Barback committee, whose

recommendation led to the registration of “The Lagos Stock Exchange” in March,

1960. This was subsequently followed by its incorporation under Section 2 Cap 7

on the 15th September, 1960. Trading however commenced formally on June 5

1961 after the enactment of Lagos Stock Exchange (LSE) Act of 1961.

Some catalytic institutions were established between 1959 and 1965. These

institutions are namely; Investment Company of Nigeria (ICON) ltd, Nigeria

Acceptance ltd (now NAL merchant Bank), and Nigeria Stock Brokers ltd.

The establishment of the above institutions gave rise to the need for the

orderly development of the capital market by regulating the time at which the

issues were brought to the market. This necessitated the setting up of the Capital

Issues Committee, an adhoc body with no legal backing under the CBN in 1962.

Trading at that period was however very low because of predominant lack of

awareness of the mechanics of stock exchange transactions and poor

communication. An evidence of the prevailing inertia in the stock exchange market

at the time is the fact that between 1962- 1970, the exchange handled only four

new issues of industrial securities. Issues of federal government were once a year

and annual turnover rarely exceeded N15m of which government stock accounted

for over 90%.

The market however experienced a significant growth with the

implementation of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decree of 1972 and 1977.

The companies that complied with these decrees through the Nigerian stock market

boosted equity listing such that by the end of 1980, a total of 91 companies were

listed on the exchange.

In 1973, the government promulgated the Capital Issues Commission (CIC)

Decree of 1973 to give legal backing and more power to the commission in place

of the capital issues committee so as to enhance the implementation of the Nigeria

Enterprises Promotion Decree (NEPD).

However, the CIC continued to operate as a department in the CBN but had

the function of determining the price, timing, and the amount of offers for sale or

subscription as set up by the Financial System Review Committee headed by Dr.

Pius Okigbo (the then Economic Adviser to the federal government).

“Taking into account the historical development of the Financial System in

Nigeria ;its evolution and impact on socio-economic and political development of

an egalitarian society, the Financial System Review Committee was charged with

the following terms of reference:

I. To examine the adequacy, relevance or otherwise of the institution and the

structure of the financial system to meet the needs of the economy for rapid

economic development.

II. To examine the organizational and ownership structures of institutions in the

system and evaluate their viability in the context of the stated preamble, the

economy’s future domestic and international requirements and development

trends.

III. To study operational trends in the system with particular reference to

promotional activities of the financial institutions generally.

IV. To make recommendations in the light of their findings in respect of (1) and

above all.

V. Any other matters or issues which the committee in its own judgment deems

relevant and helpful in the successful discharge of their task”.

Dr. P. C Okigbo’s committee among other things recommended the following:

I. Facilitate effective management of the economy

II. Provide non-inflationary support for the economy

III. Ensure that no viable project is frustrated singly for lack of fund

IV. Achieve greater mobilization of savings and its efficient and effective

channeling

V. Insulate the economy as much as possible and as much as desirable from the

vicissitudes of the international economic scene.

VI. The establishment of a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to

replace Capital Issues Commission (CIC) and the establishment of additional

stock exchange. This resulted to the establishment of trading floors at

Kaduna, Port Harcourt and the Lagos Stock Exchange (LSE) that was later

redesigned the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE).

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS

This research work is concerned with the reasons why the Nigerian Stock

Exchange has not made the much desired impact on the economy of this country as

designed by the decree establishing it. It will also evaluate the impact of the market

with a view to finding solutions to the following problems:


How can the desired awareness and confidence be instilled on this market?


How can the functions and roles of this market in facilitating the growth of

the economy be achieved?


How can this market be developed to meet international standard?

At the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), buyers and sellers are the same

people. To ensure sound economic development, trading on the exchange has to be

extensive. This is because an enduring economic development cannot be achieved

if the market is not properly developed. The market and its operators must be seen

creating the economic impact and confidence that will enhance the capacity of the

market.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The study has the main specific objective which is to ascertain the impact of

the capital market on the Nigerian economy and to appraise the awareness or

otherwise of the existence of the stock market by showing its impact in the

business world. Other specific objectives were raised:

1. To determine the relationship between the capital market and Nigerian

Economy;

2. To determine or rather to evaluate if the deficiencies of the market affect

Nigerian Economy;

3. To establish the effect of the Nigerian stock exchange crisis on Nigerian

capital market;

4. To ascertain if there are challenges of the Nigerian stock exchange in

developing the capital market;

5. To determine the role of capital market in developing the Nigerian

Economy.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

To achieve the above objectives, the following research questions were

raised:

1. Is there relationship between capital market and Nigerian Economy?

2. How do the deficiencies of the Nigerian stock exchange affect the

Nigerian economy?

3. How does the crisis in the Nigerian stock exchange affect Nigerian

Capital market?

4. What are the challenges of the Nigerian stock exchange in developing the

capital market?

5. What are the roles of the capital market in developing Nigerian

economy?

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

1. There is no significant relationship between capital market and Nigerian

economy.

2. The deficiencies of Nigerian stock exchange market do not affect Nigerian

economy.

3. The crises of Nigerian stock exchange negatively affect Nigerian capital

market.

4. The Nigerian stock exchange does not face any challenge in developing

capital market.

5. Capital Market did not play a significant role in developing Nigerian

Economy.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is a noted fact that for a meaningful transformation of a country to take

place, her capital market must be effective and active.

This study will be of significant interest to individuals, corporate bodies and

government as it would help them in mobilizing funds from the various networks

of institutions that exist in the market.

This study will also be significant to the institutional operators of the market

especially the Nigerian Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the future

researchers who might want to share this experience. This study will however offer

some invaluable points that will bring to the researcher’s mind on the functions and

prospect of the Nigerian stock market.

1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study covers the Nigerian capital market with a holistic emphasis on the

roles of the Nigerian stock exchange with Onitsha branch of the exchange as a

contact point. It covers all relevant issues pertaining to the Nigerian capital market

and the Nigerian stock exchange Vis-à-vis the Nigerian economy.

1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

In the course of this study, the researcher came across problems which in

one way or the other challenge the simple flow of this work. These include:

i. DISTANCE: In the course of this study, the researcher was visage with the

challenge of actually travelling to the Nigerian stock exchange in Onitsha

and visiting some stock broking firms in Enugu.

ii. TIME: It seems there was not enough time to meet up with this work. But

however, the researcher properly managed his time effectively and

efficiently.

iii. FINANCE: at a time it was difficult and nearly impossible to continue

because of demand for finance.

iv. FORECASTING AND HOARDING OF INFORMATION: Forecasting

seems to be prevalent in the market as most of the transactions were

dependent on it. Equally, I observed in the course of this research that those

approve for information were not really willing to give it.

v. FATIGUE: The human bourgeois also tried to hamper this study by

constant body breakdown as a result of fatigue, tiredness and distractions.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

To ensure comprehensive understanding of this research work, the under

listed terms are defined thus:

1. Stockbroker: Is agent who purchases and sells securities on a stock

exchange market on behalf of clients and receive remuneration for the

service in form of a commission.

2. Stock Exchange: Are a market where securities (bonds, stocks and shares of

varying types) are traded openly and where one can purchase or sell any of

such securities with relative ease.

3. Capital Market: Is a market in which long term capital is raised by industry

and commerce, the government and local authorities. Simply, it is that part

of the financial market that provides facilities for the transfer of medium and

long-term funds to various economic units.

4. Stockholders: Individuals, businesses and groups owning stocks in a

corporation.

5. Financial Instrument: Is a contract involving a financial obligation.

Examples include stock, bonds, loans and derivatives.

6. Shares: A share confers on its owner a legal right to have part of the

company’s profit and to exercise any voting rights attached to that share.

7. New Issue Market: Market where stocks are issued for the first time to the

members of the public.

8. The Secondary Market: This is a market where stocks are not being sold

for the first time. It can also be referred to as the market for second hand

stocks.

9. Deficit Savings Unit (DSU): An economic unit whose current income is

less than its current expenditure.

10. Savings-Surplus Economic Units: These are units with more funds than

they require for current consumption. They are therefore the ultimate savers

or fund suppliers to the system.

11. Financial Institutions: These are institutions that use their funds chiefly to

purchase financial assets, deposits, bonds, loans and so on.

REFERENCES

Alile H.I (1984); the Nigerian Stock Exchange Historical Operations and

Contributions to Economic Development: Bullion of the Central Bank of

Nigeria.

Lead Capital (2010): Stock watch, a Guardian publication.

Onyiuke Ndi Okereke J. (2010), Overview of the Nigerian Capital Market.

Okigbo P. C (1981); the Nigerian Financial System, Longman Essex, U.K, Oxford

Dictionary of Book-keeping, “Third Edition”.

The Guardian Newspaper: Friday August 6, 2010 p.14