Key Features:
- No of Pages: 98
- No of Chapters: 5
- Preliminary pages
- Images
- Tables
- Full research conducted
- Appendix
- Apa 6 Referencing Style
Abstract:
The rising number of slum in Nigeria and particularly in developing countries continues to grow exponentially, due to some underlying factors which includes: poor housing conditions, poverty and housing deficit, poor maintenance culture, poor urban renewal programmes, misplaced political priorities and demolition of Owerri historical sites. The study specifically sought to identify the impact of slum on the value of residential property in Akwakuma, Owerri, and Imo State, Nigeria. The aim is to find out the negative implications of the rise of slum in residential property and find out strategies for solving the problem and also the activities of slum dwellers, their impact to the value of residential property, how it affects rental value in Akwakuma. The study relies on questionnaires, interviews and observations for data collection. A total of 399 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 392 copies were retrieved and used for analysis. The study used tables, mean derivations and simple percentages for data presentation and analysis. The hypothesis that was formulated was tested using ANOVA analysis of variance. The result of the hypothesis shows that there is no significant difference between rental values of residential property in Akwakuma and other residential areas in Owerri North.
This study concludes and recommends that Government and city planners should provide affordable land and low cost housing for the low income earners. This will enable people to own their property or rent as the case may be
Table of Content:
DECLARATION i
APPROVAL/CERTIFICATION ii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
ABSTRACT vii
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: 3
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 4
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4
1.5 HYPOTHESIS 5
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 5
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 6
1.8 CASE STUDY AREA/LOCATION 6
1.8.1 LOCATION AND SITE 6
1.8.2 CLIMATIC AND VEGETATIONAL CONDITION OF THE STUDY 15
1.8.3 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 15
1.8.4- ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 16
1.8.6- INFRASTRUCTURE 16
1.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 16
CHAPTER TWO 18
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 18
2.1 INTRODUCTION 18
2.2 CONCEPT OF SLUM 18
2.3 HISTORY OF SLUM 23
2.4 CLASSIFICATION AND TYPES OF SLUM 25
2.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF SLUM 29
2.5.1 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SLUM FORMATION GLOBALLY 31
2.5.2 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SLUM FORMATION IN NIGERIA 33
2.5.3 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SLUM FORMATION IN OWERRI, IMO STATE. 36
2.6 RESDENTIAL PROPERTY 37
2.6.1 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SLUM AND RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY 38
2.6.2 PROPERTY VALUES 39
2.6.3 RENTAL VALUE 40
2.7 LITERATURE GAP 40
CHAPTER THREE 42
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 42
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 42
3.2 TARGET POPULATION OF THE STUDY 42
3.3 SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DESIGN 43
3.3.1 SAMPLE SIZE 43
3.3.2 SAMPLING DESIGN AND TECHNIQUE 44
3.4 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS 44
3.4.1 Primary Data 44
3.4.2 Secondary Data 44
3.5 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE 44
3.5.1 Questionnaire Survey 44
3.5.2 Interview method 45
3.5.3 Direct Observation 45
3.6 TECHNIQUES OF DATA ANALYSIS 45
CHAPTER FOUR 46
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 46
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis 46
4.2 Test of Hypothesis 66
CHAPTER FIVE 68
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 68
5.1 Discussion of Findings 68
5.2 Implications of Findings 72
5.3 Recommendations 73
5.4 Conclusion 74
References 76
Introduction:
A slum is defined as a heavily congested or populated, deteriorated, temporary human urban settlement characterized by substandard housing, mostly with no security, prone to crime and anti-social activities, a shortage of safe drinking water, inadequate power supply, lack of proper sanitation, and little or scarce medical and social facilities (UN-Habitat; Simon et al. 2013). A slum is an area of a city where the houses are dirty, use common latrines, prone to flooding and beset with poor sanitation and inhabited by the poorest of the urban population (Uduak, 2014).
Slums are easily formed in areas experiencing rapid urbanization without commensurate increase in the provision of and maintenance of housing and infrastructure. (Bobadoye 2013). Before the 19th century, rich and poor people lived in the same districts, with the wealthy living on the high streets, and the poor in the service streets behind them. But in the 19th century, the wealthy and the upper-middle –class people began to move out of the central part of rapidly growing cities, leaving the poorer residents behind (Judith, 2014). Globally, the current population growth is outpacing the rate at which cities can respond to the need for housing. This is the very condition under which slum thrive and grow out of control. Slums were common in the United State and Europe before the 20th century. London East End is generally considered the locale, where the term “slum”, originated in the 19th century, where massive and rapid urbanization of the dockside and industrial areas led to intensive overcrowding in a warren of post-medieval streetscape (Parsons, 2012). Slums in the United States are usually located in urban areas as places for the underprivileged to live; specifically in developed nations like Spain, fail to provide slum residents with proper hygiene facilities, food, clothing and shelter. While in other countries; they can be located in suburban areas where housing quality is low. An example is the Caribbean Coast in Hong Kong, which became a slum after a city bus on route S56 crashed into it, leaving a giant hole (Ahsan Ullah, 2013). The vast majority of the slums are located in less developed countries, and most of the growth in slum populations is expected to occur in such countries. Slum residents themselves cannot impact their environment due to lack of basic services, which results in contaminated soil and polluted air and waterways. The growth and expansion of slums can therefore threaten rental value of such area and the sustainable urban development at local, national and regional scales (Patel, 2012 ).
In African countries, land registration process is exclusionary, time consuming and highly circuitous. For instance, in Nigeria and Tanzania, it takes about 274 and 334 days with official fees accounting for 27 and 12.2% respectively of the property value. In such situation, poor and low incomes families have very limited housing options which in most cases, lead lo slum-like condition (Ben Arimah, UN-HABITAT, 2014). In the parlance of reality, the astronomical trajectory of urban slums over the years in Nigeria spreading to various states with its attendant negative implication on the value of residential property is one that calls for urgent attention (Omole, 2014). Nigeria is ranked as one of the countries with high slum prevalence (Ben Arimah, UN-HABITAT, 2014).
Many states in Nigeria are witnessing the proliferation of squatter settlements in its cities. Imo state is not an exceptional and Akwakuma is a typical urban neighborhood bedeviled by slum manifestations. However, it has been asserted that the present of slum increase the rate of crime in the area, putting the lives and health of the residents in danger and many more environmental hazards thereby affecting the value of the residential property and social status of the estate environment (Omole 2014).The low state of income has its own implications on property value which is determined by the prices of residential property or by the value of rent per a period of time that is collected on them. This project therefore, will attempt to bring to lime light the widespread impact of slum on the value of residential property in Akwakuma Owerri North, Imo State.
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