Key Features:
No. of pages: 89
No. of chapters: 5
Abstract:
Adolescents in Nigeria initiate sex early and have various sexual experiences with diverse reasons for their sexual behaviour. While some practice safe sex, others engage in unprotected sex resulting in SRH problems such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion and STI. The study aims to explore factors influencing the sexual behaviour of Nigerian adolescents in order to inform contextually appropriate responses in Oshodi Local Government in Lagos State.
A review of literature and a qualitative study using a combination of FGD among adolescents 18 to 19 years and in-depth interviews with health care providers and parents who have adolescent children. Findings from literature and the case study shows that Adolescents engage in various sexual practices ranging from penetrative vaginal sex to anal sex. Diverse reasons were deduced from the findings for their sexual behaviour to include pleasure; love and peer pressure especially for those in school. Forceful sex and transactional sex was the major reason for those out of school. Multiple and concurrent sexual partners were reported more among out of school females. The major outcomes of adolescent sexual behaviour in both the literature and case study were unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion and STI/HIV. Reports from the case study revealed adolescents have devised local methods of abortion and others consult quacks and none professionals for abortion due to fear, stigma and judgmental attitude of health care providers. Most parents and HCP with the exception of one did not approve of contraceptives for adolescents.
Most adolescents practice unprotected sex in Nigeria. While most in school adolescents engage in sex for the pleasure, most out of school had either forceful or transactional sex. Multiple, concurrent and sex with older partners was reported more among out of school adolescent. Unintended pregnancy is common in the study resulting mostly into unsafe abortion for in school females and child marriage for out of school females. Based on the findings of this thesis, there is a need to provide both in school and out of school counseling and SRH services for adolescents. The local methods of abortion should be researched into for better understanding and importantly also is the need to train HCP on ASRH in Nigeria.
Table of Content:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Am offering my first thank and gratitude to God for His Protection and guidance and for making it possible for me to complete this project.
I would like to express my humble gratitude to my supervisor, Engr. Joshua Ebofuai for his patience, criticism and encouragement. His encouragement aided the writing of this project, his advice, insightful criticisms and patient aided the writing of this project in many ways, I will also like to thank all lecturers in my department and course-mate. I would also like to thank all my Family member who had help me financially and morally to come this far.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Contents
Abstract 9
CHAPTER ONE 11
INTRODUCTION 11
1. Background to the Study 11
1.2 Statement of Problem 12
CHAPTER TWO 16
LITERATURE REVIEW 16
2.1 Context of Adolescents Lives Influencing Sexual Behaviour 16
2.1.1 Individual Characteristics of Adolescents Influence Sexual Behaviour 16
3.1.2 Environmental Influence on Adolescent Sexual Behaviour 17
2.1.3 Institutional Influences on Adolescent Sexual Behaviour 17
2.1.4 Community and Gender Norms 17
2.1.5 Health Providers Knowledge and Attitude Influencing Adolescent Sexual Behaviour 18
2.2 Knowledge, Behaviour, Attitude and Intentions 19
2.2.3 Perception of Risk among Adolescents 20
2.2.4 Self-Esteem and Power Relations 21
2..2.5 Adolescent’s Sources of Information And Services on Sexual And Reproductive Health 21
2.2.6 Adolescent Health Seeking Behaviour For SRH Challenges 21
3.2.8 Outcomes of Adolescent’s Sexual Behaviour 22
2.4 Conceptual framework 23
CHAPTER THREE 27
METHODOLOGY 27
3.1 Study area 27
3.2 Study design 27
3.4 Procedure for Data Collection 27
3.5 Ethical considerations 28
3.6 Data Analysis 28
CHAPTER FOUR 21
RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS 21
Chapter 4: Results of case study 21
4.1.1 Age At Sexual Debut 21
4.1.2 Adolescent sexual experiences 21
4.1.3 Reasons for adolescent sexual behaviour 24
4.1.4 Sources of sexuality and reproductive health information 28
4.1.5 Intentions on sexual practices 30
4.1.6 Outcome of Adolescent Sexual behaviour 31
4.1.7 Prevention of pregnancy 35
4.1.8 Use Of Sexual And Reproductive Health Care Services By Adolescents 36
4.1.9 Health Provider’s Knowledge And Skills on ASRH: 37
4.1.10 Sexual and reproductive health needs 39
Sexual experiences of adolescents 41
4.1.11 Reasons for sexual behaviour 43
4.1.12 Intentions for sexual behaviour 45
Source of information for sexual and reproductive health 45
Adolescent health seeking behaviour 45
Outcomes of adolescent sexual behaviour 46
Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents 47
Critical review of case Study 48
CHAPTER FIVE 50
Conclusion and Recommendation 50
5.0 Conclusion 50
Recommendation 51
5.0.1 Research Needs 51
5.0.1 Government/Policy 51
RECOMMENDATIONS 52
BIBILOGRAPHY 53
Annex 3: Research table 64
Annex 5: IDI question guide for health care provides 68
Annex 6: IDI question guide for parents of adolescents 73
Annex 7: Consent form for FGD with adolescents 76
Annex 8: Consent form for IDI with parents/ care givers 78
Annex 9:Consent form for IDI with health care provider 80
Annex 10: Study proposal 82
Introduction 83
Introduction:
1. Background to the Study
Adolescents constitute an important proportion of the population of Nigeria, they are classified by WHO (World Health Organization) to be individuals within the ages of 10 to 19 years (Patton et al., 2009). It is a delicate stage that presents with challenges especially that of sexual and reproductive health due to the developmental changes (Bankole, et al., 2006). It is important that they experience safe and pleasurable sexual life, the absence of which may expose them to reproductive health challenges (Envuladu et al., 2014). Adolescent sexual behaviour is influenced by several factors. However, having access to the right sexual and reproductive health information and services is an important step in structuring and addressing their sexual and reproductive health needs.
My experience as a field trip coordinator working in some rural communities of plateau state drew my attention to the high rate of teenage pregnancy and child marriage in some communities. This lead to a research that we conducted among 192 teenage females in a district that showed a 25.5% prevalence rate of teenage pregnancy and 45% rate of abortion (Okafor, 2016). My interest in conducting this study came about, as I got more involved with national programme on adolescents health and working with some NGO on girl child marriage in Nigeria. I realized from fieldwork and discussion with adolescents that various factors influence their sexual behaviour, which needs to be understood.
The main objective of this thesis was to explore the influencing factors to adolescent’s sexual behaviour. Also to explore the reproductive health problem with the aim of providing a contextualized recommendation that will help in policy formulation and intervention programme for adolescents. The thesis comprised of a search of relevant literature to assess the factors,
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