Key Features:
Year: 1996-2015
Pages: 65
Format: Ms word
FROM 1996-2015
Abstract:
The study investigates the impact of heavy rainfall on Lagos Metropolis, a densely populated and rapidly urbanizing city in Nigeria. The research spans a 20-year period (1996-2015) and employs a quantitative approach, using linear regression models to analyze historical rainfall records obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet). The study explores the variability of rainfall patterns and their implications for infrastructure, socio-economic activities, and public health in Lagos.
Findings revealed significant year-to-year variability in rainfall, with certain years experiencing particularly intense rainfall that exacerbated flooding risks. The analysis highlights the recurring challenges that heavy rainfall poses to Lagos's infrastructure, leading to frequent disruptions in transportation, damage to buildings, and strain on drainage systems. Additionally, the stagnation of floodwaters contributes to significant public health risks, particularly in densely populated areas with inadequate sanitation infrastructure.
The study concludes that heavy rainfall has a profound impact on Lagos Metropolis, necessitating urgent attention from urban planners, policymakers, and community stakeholders. Recommendations include substantial investment in drainage infrastructure, the implementation of sustainable urban planning measures, and the development of early warning systems and public health interventions. The study underscores the importance of continued research to monitor changes in rainfall patterns and assess the effectiveness of flood management strategies in Lagos.
Table of Content:
TITLE PAGE i
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
CERTIFICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
CHAPTER ONE 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 5
1.3 AIMS OF THE STUDY 7
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 7
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 7
1.6 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 7
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 8
1.8 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 8
1.8.1 Hypothesis 1 8
1.8.2 Hypothesis 2 9
CHAPTER TWO 10
2.1 REVIEWS FROM PREVIOUS WORKS 10
2.2 DESCRIPTION OF LAGOS METROPOLIS 12
2.2.1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 13
2.2.2 INFRASTRUCTURAL DAMAGE 13
2.2.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DISRUPTIONS 13
2.2.4 PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS 14
2.2.5 MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION STRATEGIES 14
2.2.6 FUTURE PERPECTIVES 15
2.3 HEAVY RAIN AND WHAT DEFINES IT 16
2.4 CLIMATE OF LAGOS 17
2.4.1 TEMPERATURE 17
2.4.2 RAINFALL 18
2.4.3 HUMIDITY 18
2.4.4 DRY SEASON 18
2.4.5 WIND AND SEA BREEZE 19
2.4.6 CLIMATE CHALLENGES 19
2.5 MEASUREMENT OF RAINFALL IN NIGERIA 19
CHAPTER THREE 21
3.0 METHODOLOGY 21
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 21
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 21
3.2.1 LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA 21
3.2.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY AREA 22
3.2.3 CLIMATE IN LAGOS 22
3.3 DATA PREPROCESSING 25
3.4 MODEL SPECIFICATION 25
3.4.1 VARIABLES 25
3.4.2 MODEL FORMULATION 26
3.4.3 ASSUMPTIONS 26
3.5 MODEL VALIDATION 27
3.5.1 MODEL VALIDATION 27
3.5.1.1 R-SQUARED 27
3.5.1.2 ADJUSTED R-SQUARED 28
3.5.2 STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE 28
3.6 SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR DATA ANALYSIS 28
3.6.1 SPSS 28
3.6.2 USEFULNESS AND FEATURES OF SPSS 29
3.6.3 MICROSOFT EXCEL 29
CHAPTER FOUR 30
4.1 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 30
4.2 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS 31
4.3 THE EFFECT OF HEAVY RAINFALL IN AJEGUNLE 38
4.3.1 FLOOD AND THEIR HEALTH CONSEQUENCES 38
4.4 DISCUSSION 44
4.4.1 VARIABILITY IN RAINFAL PATTERNS 44
4.4.2 IMPACT ON INFRASTRUCTURE AND SOCIO ACTIVITIES 44
4.4.3 PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS 45
4.4.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR URBAN PLANNING AND FLOOD 45
4.5.5 FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS 46
4.5.6 HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF FLOODING 46
4.5.7 SIGNIFICANT RELATIOSHIP BETWEEN RAINFALL 48
CHAPTER FIVE 50
5.1 SUMMARY 50
5.2 CONCLUSION 50
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 51
RFERENCES 52
Introduction:
Heavy rainfall, Ebisemiju (2013) opines that the most significant impact of flooding arises from urbanization, because it involves deforestation, land-use changes, temperature modification of soil physical properties and structures and the exposure of bare soil surfaces especially of construction sites all of which bring about changes in themorphological and hydrological state of water. Flood waters can destroy homes and businesses; disrupt road, rail and communication lines, and rain crops and agricultural land. Floods can also disrupt drainage and sewage systems, presenting a serious health hazard resulting from pollution and water borne-disease (Ebisemiju, 2013). heavy rainfall.
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