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No. of pages: 55

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Abstract:

Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Agriculture has had a significant effect on th world's landscape for decades. Over the years agricultural practices have seen dramatic changes that have caused a great impact on the soil leading to its degradation. mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Food and fiber productivity soared due to new technologies, mechanization, increased chemical use, commercial seeds, fertilizers, fuel, and governmental policies that favored maximizing production. Although these changes have had many positive effects on farming, there have also been significant costs. Prominent among these is the degradation of soil (Lal and Stewart, 1990).

Table of Content:

CHAPTER ONE

1.0

Introduction 1

1.1

Problem Statement 4

1.2

Scope Of The Study 4

1.3 Justification of the

Study 4

1.4 Objective of the Study 5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review 6

2.1 Agriculture practices 6

2.2 Effects of agriculture practices on soil

fauna in agro- ecosystems 8

2.2.1 Tillage and crop patterns 8
2.2.2 Crop rotations 9
2.2.3 Fertilizer application 11
2.2.4 Pesticides application 14
2.3 Agricultural practices and their impact

on soil quality 15

2.3.1 Irrigation 17
2.3.2 Organic amendments 21
2.3.3 Liming 23
2.4 Soil Erosion 24





2.5 Soil Properties 27
2.5.1 Physical Properties 27
2.5.2 Chemical Properties 31
2.5.3 Biological Properties 33
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods 36
3.1 Study site 36
3.2 Study site Description 36
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">3.3 Geology

38
3.4 Soil sampling and test 38

REFERENCE 41