Key Features:

- No of Pages: 1-55

- No of Chapters: 1-5

- Tables

- Questionnaire

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Introduction:

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The study determined the tuberculosis cases and incidence of reported mortality

in Potiskum L.G.A, Yobe State, Nigeria. The specific objectives addressed

include: the incidences of tuberculosis in Potiskum L.G.A; the types of

tuberculosis cases in the study area; examine the incidences of reported mortality

by Tuberculosis in Potiskum L.G.A; identify the factors influencing the spread of

Tuberculosis in Potiskum L.G.A of Yobe State; determine the factors associated

with increase with increase risk of tuberculosis and determine the reported cases

of tuberculosis mortality among the respondents in the study area. Literatures

were reviewed base on specific objectives of the study and the And the sample for

the study will involve random selection of 384 people from the total of population.

The result of the study shows that 69.5% of the respondents are within the age

bracket of 20-39 years. 66.7% of the respondents are males and 33.3% of them

are females. 70.8% of the respondents are married. The result indicates that

48.1% of the respondent has Secondary school cert. and 41.7 % of them have

Diploma. 56.4% of the respondents are of the opinion that think multidrug

resistant tuberculosis is common in the area. 55.3% of the respondent said yes

extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis is also common in the area. 98.9% of

the respondents state that acute tuberculosis infection that leads to sudden death.

The study further reveals that 56.1% of the respondents are of the opinion that

Tuberculosis Cases in the area are Curable. 58.3% of them respondents states

that there is high incidences of reported mortality caused by tuberculosis in the

study area. The study shows that 80.3% of the respondents observed that the

incidences of Tuberculosis are increasing by the day in the study area. 55% of

the respondent indicates responses ranging from 200-1000 cases of mortality

caused by tuberculosis that they know in the area while 24.7% of them said

between 2000-3000. 66.7% of the respondents suggest that rapid action should

be taken to arrest the situation 88.9% of the respondents agreed that Tuberculosis

is spread to other person as airborne particles 80.6% of the respondents revealed

that overcrowding can spread tuberculosis diseases. 87.2% of the respondents

state that Delayed diagnosis can increase the risk of tuberculosis. 99.4% of the

respondent said yes Contact with TB patient can increase the risk of contacting

TB. 95.6% of the respondents agreed that a tuberculosis case in the area causes

death. 94.7% of the respondents state that there many reported case of death in

the area that is traced back to tuberculosis as the cause. 50.8% of the respondents

disagreed that people die more often as a result of tuberculosis cases in the area

Indicates that 99.2% of the respondents think that Government have to intervene

in time to avoid more cases of mortality.

Table of Content

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page - - - - - - - - - - -i

Citification- - - - - - - - - - -ii

Dedication- - - - - - - - - - -iii

Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - -iv

Table of Content - - - - - - - - - -v

List of Table - - - - - - - - - vii

Abstract - - - - - - - - - - viii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study- - - - - - - -1

1.2 Statement of the Problem- - - - - - - -4

1.3 Objectives of the Study- - - - - - - -5

1.4 Research Questions- - - - - - - - -6

1.5 Significant of the Study- - - - - - - -7

1.6 Scope of the study- - - - - - - - -7

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.0 Introduction- - - - - - - - - -9

2.1 Concept of Tuberculosis - - - - - - - -9

2.2 Incidences of Tuberculosis -- - - - - - -11

2.3 Types of Tuberculosis Cases - - - - - - -15

2.4 The incidences of reported mortality by Tuberculosis-- - -16

2.5 Factors Influencing the Spread of Tuberculosis- - - -19

2.6 Factors Associated with Increased Risk of Tuberculosis- - -20

2.7 Reported Mortality caused by Tuberculosis - - - - -24

2.8 Summary of Review- - - - - - - -- -28

CHARPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction- - - - - - - - - -29

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3.1 Research Design - - - - - - - - -29

3.2 Population and Sample- - - - - - - -30

3.3 Research Instrument - - - - - - -30

3.4 Procedure of Data Collection- - - - - - -31

3.5 Method of Data Analysis- - - - - - - -31

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF RESULT AND DISCUSION

4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Respondents- - - - -33

4.3 The Incidences of Reported Mortality- - - - - -33

4.4 Factors Influencing the Spread of Tuberculosis - - - -38

4.5 Factors Associated with Increase Risk of Tuberculosis- - -39

4.6 Reported Cases of Tuberculosis Mortality- - - - -40

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary- - - - - - - - - -42

5.2 Conclusion- - - - - - - - - 44

5.3 Recommendation- - - - - - - - 45

References- - - - - - - - - -45

Appendix

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1 Demographic Characteristics- - - - - -33

4.2 Types of Tuberculosis Cases- - - - - - -35

Table 4.3 Incidences of Reported Mortality- - - - - -36

Table 4.4 Factors Influencing the Spread of TB- - - - -38

Table 4.5 Increase Risk of Tuberculosis- - - - - -39

Table 4.6 Cases of Tuberculosis Mortality - - - - - -40

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the Study

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease which is very contagious Global

Tuberculosis Report (GTR, 2013). The World Health Organization (WHO)

(2011) estimates that even though one-third of the world's population is infected

with the bacteria that cause TB. But it transmission essentially can be prevented

through adequate ventilation and limited contact with patients (WHO, 2011).

Many people who are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and do

not get sick or spread the bacteria to others are considered to have TB case known

as latent TB. The National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme

(NTLCPAR, 2008) observed that Diluting and removing contaminated air by

using general ventilation can prevent tuberculosis contamination. In countries

where tuberculosis is more common, infants often are vaccinated with bacillus

Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine because it can prevent severe tuberculosis in

children (Great Britain Medical Research Council) (GBMRC, 1963). The BCG,

or bacille Calmette-Guerin, is a vaccine for preventing tuberculosis (TB) disease.

BCG vaccine is not recommended for general use among all age categories of

people because it is not very effective in adults (GBMRC, 1963). Many foreignborn babies have been BCG-vaccinated. BCG is used in many countries with a

high prevalence of TB to prevent childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary

disease (Rao et al. 1999).

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TB preventive measures should be based on a careful assessment of risk

for transmission of TB in the facility or setting. The goals of effective TB

prevention programs are to: detect TB disease early and promptly, Isolate those

who have or are suspected of having TB disease (airborne precautions) and Treat

people who have or who are suspected of having TB disease. The prevention of

tuberculosis transmission in health-care settings requires that all of the following

basic approaches be used: prevention of the generation of infectious airborne

particles (droplet nuclei) by early identification and treatment of persons with

tuberculous infection and active tuberculosis, prevention of the spread of

infectious droplet nuclei into the general air circulation by applying sourcecontrol methods, reduction of the number of infectious droplet nuclei in air

contaminated with them, and surveillance of health-care-facility personnel for

tuberculosis and tuberculous infection.

The types of TB preventive measures include the following: