Key Features:
- No of Chapters: 5
- No of Pages: 46
- Graphical Representation
- Contains Diagram
- Table
- Calculations
Abstract:
This research’s main objective is to study the dynamic relationship between population growth and unemployment in Nigeria. The study is of utmost importance as it addresses a strategic aspect of the economy and also considering the fact that the country has been experiencing a slow growth rate and a severe decline in development. A regression model is used to describe the statistical relationship between population growth and unemployment. It is hypothesized that population growth has a strong impact on unemployment in Nigeria. It is assumed that a positive relationship exists between population growth and unemployment. A highly significant result was obtained after a simple regression was carried out which shows that population plays a role in the rise of unemployment in Nigeria which implies that a rise in population growth leads to a rise in unemployment. Many reasons have been attributed as to why population growth is on the rise and how it proportionately affects unemployment. The major reasons for a rise in population include increase in birth rate, socio-cultural beliefs and improvement in welfare and medical facilities. Although the positive effects of population cannot be overlooked, it is also important to note that its negative effects highly outweigh its positives. When there is high population, the country tends to exceed its carrying capacity, which means that the country can no longer support its large population in terms of resources as well as job opportunities. The problem of unemployment is very alarming and demands urgent attention and solutions as its effects are very severe. Some of its effect include; increase in income inequality, rise in criminal activities like Boko-Haram and decline in the general standard of living. It is expected that everyone on all grounds including individuals, agencies and government to take a stand and play important roles in stabilizing population growth as well as minimizing unemployment in the country in order to improve the country’s growth and development on all grounds.
Table of Content:
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION 0
BACKGROUND STUDY 0
BRIEF HISTORY OF POPULATION GROWTH TREND IN NIGERIA 0
RESEARCH STATEMENT 9
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 9
RESEARCH QUESTIONS 9
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 10
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 10
KEY TERMS: 11
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW 12
FACTORS THAT CAUSES UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA 13
EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA 15
FEATURES OF A RAPIDLY GROWING POPULATION 17
REASONS FOR NIGERIA’S INCREASING POPULATION 18
IMPLICATIONS OF A FAST GROWING POPULATION ON NIGERIA 20
POSITIVE EFFECTS 20
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF HIGH POPULATION 21
CHAPTER 3
A CASE STUDY OF CHINA’S ONE CHILD POLICY 24
EFFECTS ON POPULATION GROWTH AND FERTILITY RATE 26
CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY 33
SOURCES OF DATA 33
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED 34
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF GRAPHS 34
REGRESSION MODEL 37
DATA ANALYSIS 38
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND FINDINGS 40
SUMMARY REVIEW 41
RECOMMENDATIONS TO POPULATION 42
RECOMMENDATIONS AND POLICIES FOR UNEMPLOYMENT 43
BIBLIOGRAPHY 45
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 China's population 25
Figure 2 China's total fertility rate 26
Figure 3 China's Unemployment rate 27
Figure 4 Decline in China's Labor Force 30
Figure 5 comparism of China's population between 1995 and 2011 31
Figure 6 Nigeria's Population from 2006-2015 34
Figure 7 Nigeria's Unemployment rate from 1967-2014 35
Figure 8 Sectoral share of Unemployment in Nigeria from 1970-2014 36
Figure 9 contributions of various sectors of the economy on unemployment 36
Introduction:
The main objective of this paper is to study and analyze the relationship between unemployment and population growth in Nigeria. Unemployment and population are two solid indicators to a country’s development and growth. According to the economics help organization, Unemployment can be explained as the number of people or people in the workforce who are willing, able and capable to work but do not have a paid job. Unemployment is mostly used as a tool to measure the health of the economy. The unemployment rate is often used as a measure to unemployment. Population on the other hand is defined according to Michael Todaro as the number of individuals living in a country. This research aims to analyze the correlation between population and unemployment and how a rise in unemployment affects the growth and development of the country.
BACKGROUND STUDY
BRIEF HISTORY OF POPULATION GROWTH TREND IN NIGERIA
After the independence in 1960, a successful population census was carried out in Nigeria in 1964, which an estimated population of 55.6 million people was taken into account. Since then, it became obvious that Nigeria’s population was leading to a rapid population growth. In 1991, a population census was held and the country’s population increased to an approximated 88.5 million people. The analysis helped the National Development Planning to gain more insight and enable them to improve and develop more on their policies and planning (Evans, 2011). The UNDP reported in 2007 that the Nigerian population continuously increased at 3% per annum with birth rate of 40 per 1,000 and also a death rate of 15 per 1,000 (Gideon, 2016). It was also estimated that an educated Nigerian woman gives birth to a lesser number of 3 children
compared to an average Nigerian woman who gives birth to 6 children in her lifetime (Evans, 2011). From analysis of the past census and reports, it is evident that the population has been rapidly growing at a high rate of 250% from 1964 to present. This makes it problematic to match the population growth rate and development of the country (Evans, 2011).
Nigeria at present has the highest population in Africa and the 10th in the world. It was reported that the Nigerian population is associated with three factors namely; fertility, migration and mortality. It was noticed that the population growth increases at 3% which implies a doubling time of 22years (Evans, 2011). This also means that the country is growing at a geometric progression. The problem with this is the capacity of the country’s economy to also grow proportionately that it will cope and accommodate the increased population. The low mortality of 14 per 1,000 decreased infant mortality rate and higher life expectancy signifies a problem because it indicates a higher chance of survival (Evans, 2011).
A survey was conducted and it was observed that high fertility rate is the main factor that contributes to the increasing population of the country. A study in 1981/1982 estimated that an average Nigerian woman gives birth to 6 children in her lifetime, which is quite a high number (Evans, 2011). There can only be a decline in fertility rate if Nigerians experience a change and transformation in socio-psychological attitude of citizens, cultural beliefs and the economy. An approach was once implemented in 1988 to achieve the goal of lowering the population. This approach was followed by a national population policy to help limit and adjust the population growth by increasing people’s living standard in the country through the provision of a good health care system. The main drive and motivation of this initiative is targeted towards young couples to encourage them and ensure that they give birth to a minimum of four children (Dao M. Q., 2012).
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