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- Number of Pages: 42

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Table of Content:

Table of Content
Contents Pages
Approval Page of Project proposal ....................................i
Table of Content ....................................................................ii
Lists of table........................................................................iv
Lists of figure..........................................................v
Abbreviations and Acronym...............................................vi

1. INTRODUCTION.................................................1
1.1. Background of the Study.............................................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the Problem.........................................3
1.3. Objective ...........................................................4
1.3.1. General Objective .............................................4
1.3.2. Specific Objective..........................................................4
1.4. Research Questions.............................................4
1.5. Scope and Limitation of the Study.......................................4
1.6. Significance of the Study ..................................5

2. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................6
2.1. Husbandry Practice of Dairy Cattle ..................................6
2.1.1. Dairy Herds Size and Herds Structure In Ethiopia ....................6
2.1.2. Breeding Strategies and Reproduction Mechanism in Ethiopia ..............7
2.1.3. Cattle Feeds and Feeding System ..............................................7
2.1.4. Watering and Source of Water for the Cattle.......................9
2.1.5. Cattle Housing and Waste Management..........................9
2.1.6. Traditional Milk Handling and Processing Practices in Ethiopia......................10
2.1.7. Milking Methods and Hygienic Practice ......................10
2.1.8. Animal Health Service.....................................11
2.1.9. Extension Service.............................................12
2.1.10. Constraints of Milk Production in Ethiopia .........................12
2.2. Milk and Butter Composition, Quality and Physico-Chemical Properties ...............13
2.2.1. Chemical Compositional Characteristics of Raw Milk ...................13
2.2.2. Physical Quality Assessment of Raw Milk....................15
2.2.3. Microbial Characteristics of Milk................................16
2.2.4. Chemical Composition and Microbial Quality of Butter....................17

3. MATERIAL AND METHOD.........................................19
3.1. Description of the Study Area......................................19
3.2. Sampling Design and Procedures.......................................20
3.2.1. Household Survey Sampling.....................................20
3.2.2. Sources and Methods of Data Collection..........................22
3.2.3. Data to Be Collected ........................................23
3.3. Milk Quality Assessment and Sampling .....................................23
3.3.1. Milk Physical Quality Assessment ......................................24
3.3.2. Milk Chemical Qualities Assessment Method...................26
3.3.3. Milk Microbial Load Assessment........................................27
3.4. Butter Quality Assessment and Sampling...................................29
3.5. Data Analysis .........................................................30
3.6. Ethical Consideration in the Fieldwork...................................31
3.7. Expected Outputs .........................................................31

4. BUDGET AND WORK PLAN........................................31
4.1. Work Plan.....................................................31
4.2. Budget ...............................................................32
5. Reference ..................................................................33