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- No of Pages: 42

- No of Chapters: 05

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Introduction:

Abstract

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Table of Content

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Introduction

A medical laboratory is a place where medical diagnosis are performed. Tests are carried out on clinical specimen in order to get information about the health of patients as pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.

In Onyems B hospital laboratory where I did my IT, I was opportune to participate in various activities in the various units in the laboratory. These units include reception unit, collection unit, haematology unit, chemical pathology unit, serology unit, parasitology unit and bacteriology unit. I was also oriented on safety practices and proper waste disposal which helped both I and the patients from accident throughout my stay in the laboratory. In summary, every medical laboratory must have its rules and regulation guiding it. The following are some of the rules;

• Always wear your lab coat while working in the laboratory

• Always put on your hand glove while working in the laboratory and remove and discard it appropriately before leaving the laboratory.

• Always clean and disinfect the work benches every morning before starting a new day work.

• Do not eat in the laboratory

• Consider everything in the laboratory as infectious and hazardous

• Make sure that no previous sample from the previous day was left on the work bench

• Do not put edibles in the laboratory refrigerator.

2.1 SOME LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS AND THEIR USES

There are different kinds of equipment found in a medical laboratory and are used to carry out different medical diagnosis. These equipment include;

Spectrophotometer, microscope, centrifuge, refrigerator, pipettes of various sizes, incubator, autoclaves, glucometer, Petri dishes, glass slides, syringes and needles, tourniquet, disposable gloves, Bunsen burner, white slabs and so on. I will state the uses of few of these equipment.

The Microscope

A microscope is an instrument used to see or view objects that are too small for the naked eyes. Microscope works on the principle of reflected rays.



The spectrophotometer

The spectrophotometer is used to quantitatively measure the absorbance of different samples. It works on the principle of transmission and adsorption of a sample or material as a function of wavelength when a light path of 1cm is passed through it.



The autoclave

An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121oC, 15psi for around 15-20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents. Note that psi means pounds per square inch (pressure).







The centrifuge

This is an instrument used to separate sample components of different densities. It uses the centripetal force (spinning method) to achieve this.