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Introduction:

Abstract

The need for identification leads to the study of biometrics. Over the ages, human beings have been identified by various means, such as the Name, Complexion, Nationality, and even some uniquely assigned codes. Of all these methods, none can be used to uniquely identify an individual distinctly under all circumstances. However, research has shown that an individual‟s biometric feature can be used to uniquely identify them, under all circumstances. For these biometric features to be appropriately ready for usage, several processes need to be performed on the sampled biometric signals. Since all biometric features do not take the same form, the processes needed to be performed on them differ. These processes, though specific, can be carried out in different ways. This project is therefore aimed at developing suitable algorithms (in MATLAB), to perform some of these processes, implement them in MATLAB codes, and show the results, as applicable to individual biometric feature. The points to be covered include: forms of biometric features, importance and advantages of using biometric features for the purpose of identification, history of biometric features usage, introduction to biometric signal processing, various processes that are performed on these signals to make them suitable for further biometric processing, the significance of these processes, and most importantly, the development of suitable algorithms and the implementation of these algorithms in appropriate codes(MATLAB).

Table of Content

TITLE PAGE i

DECLARATION ii

APPROVAL iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

ABSTRACT vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF FIGURES x

LIST OF TABLES xii



CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BIOMETRICS 1

1.11 MEANING OF BIOMETRICS 1

1.12 FORMS OF BIOMETRIC FEATURES 1

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT 3

1.21 BIOMETRICS FEATURE PRE - PROCESSING 3

1.22 REASONS FOR USING BIOMETRIC FEATURES 4

1.23 DSP AND BIOMETRICS FEATURE PER-PROCESSING (IMPORTANCE OF DSP) 4

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 5

1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 6

1.5 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

1.51 SCOPE 6 1.52 METHODOLOGY 7

1.6 ORGANIZATION OF THESIS 7



CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 8

2.1 EARLY MODES OF DIFFERENTIATING/IDENTIFYING HUMANS(HISTORY OF BIOMETRICS) 8

2.2 PAST WORK FROM VARIOUS AUTHORS 10



CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS 12

3.1 AUDIO PER-PROCESSING 12

3.11 INTRODUCTION 12

3.12 AUDIO WAVE(SPEECH) AS A FORM OF BIO-METRIC SIGNAL 12

3.13 MODE OF AUDIO DATA ACQUISITION 14

3.14 ANALOGUE TO DIGITAL CONVERSION 14

3.15 SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION 15

3.16 NOISE REMOVAL (FILTERING) 20

3.17 FRAMING 22

3.18 WINDOWING 24

3.2 IMAGE PER-PROCESSING 27

3.21 INTRODUCTION 27

3.22 IMAGE AS A FORM OF BIO-METRIC SIGNAL 27

3.23 TECHNIQUE OF IMAGE DATA ACQUISITION 28

3.24 ANALOGUE-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION 28

3.25 PROCESSES 29



CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 30 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37

5.1 CONCLUSIONS 37

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 37

REFERENCES 38

APPENDIX A: ALGORITHM FOR THE AUDIO SIGNAL PER-PROCESSING (MATLAB) 40

APPENDIX B: ALGORITHM FOR THE IMAGE SIGNAL PER-PROCESSING (MATLAB) 45

Introduction

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