Key Features:
- No of Pages: 42
- No of Chapters: 5
Introduction:
Abstract
This project aims at designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving of street lights with light depending resistor.
Nowadays, human has become too busy and he is unable to find time even to switch the lights wherever not necessary.
This can be seen more effectively in the case of street lights. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is sufficient light on the roads.
But the actual timings for these street lights to be switched on are when there is absolute darkness. With this, the power will be wasted up to some extent.
This project gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of the lighting system is completely eliminated.
In our project we are using LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its surface, this give an indication for us whether it is a day/night time.
In the present project street lights are taken into consideration where the above discussed factors are rectified in them.
This is achieved with the help of an embedded system. By using this as the basic principle we can design centralized intelligent system for the perfect usage of streetlights in any place.
Table of Content
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE………………………………………………………………………………(i)
Title page …………………………………………………………………………(ii)
Certification………………………………………………………………………(iii)
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………….(iv)
Abstract………………………………………………………………………… …..(v)
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………….(1-2)
1.2 Background------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(2-3)
1.3 Aim and objectives---------------------------------------------------------------------------(3)
1.4 Significance of study------------------------------------------------------------------------(3)
1.5 Scope of study -------------------------------------------------------------------------------(4)
1.6 Principle of operation-----------------------------------------------------------------------(4)
1.7 Definition of terms and components------------------------------------------------------(5-6)
1.8 Limitation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(7)
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Historical background--------------------------------------------------------------------------(8)
2.2 Theory of research------------------------------------------------------------------------------(9- 11)
2.2.1 Solar PV cells ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(9)
2.2.3 Solar panels -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(10-11)
2.2.4 The charge controller -----------------------------------------------------------------------------(12)
2.2.5 The LED (light emitting diode) -----------------------------------------------------------------(13)
2.2.6 Batteries ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(15)
2.2.6a Primary batteries --------------------------------------------------------------------------------(15)
2.2.6b Storage or secondary batteries ………………………………………………………..16)
CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN AND CONTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT
3.1 Part of the solar street lighting system -----------------------------------------------------------(20)
3.2 Analysis of the lighting system ---------------------------------------------------------------(21)
3.3 Method used in the construction --------------------------------------------------------------(22)
3.4 Solar Street light block diagram ---------------------------------------------------------(22)
3.5 The LED Lamp …………………………………………………………………..(23)
3.5.1 Background of the LED-----------------------------------------------------------------------(23)
3.5.2 How the LED works --------------------------------------------------------------------------(23)
3.5.3 Calculations on the lamp -------------------------------------------------------------------(24-25)
3.6 The photo cell switching circuit --------------------------------------------------------------(28)
3.6.1 The photo cell switching circuit ………………………………………………………..(29)
3.6.2 The Relay …………………………………………………………………………….(30)
3.6.2a Operation of the relay …………………………………………………………….(31)
3.6.3 The LDR --------------------------------------------------------------------------------(31)
3.6.4 Explanation of the switching circuit ------------------------------------------------------(32)
3.6.5 Construction of the circuit ---------------------------------------------------------------(32)
3.6 Steps of connecting the photocell circuit for the connection operation ---------------(33)
3.7 General system calculation ----------------------------------------------------------------(35)
3.8 Stages of design -----------------------------------------------------------------------(35-36)
3.8.1 Stage 1 ……………………………………………………………………………(36)
3.8.2 Stage 2 …………………………………………………………………………..(36)
3.9 Installation procedures ……………………………………………………………(37)
3.10 The casting and monitoring of the pole ……………………………………………….(38)
CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION, TESTING AND PRECAUTIONS---------------------------(38)
4.1 Discussion and testing of the photo cell circuit ……………………………………….(38)
4.2 Discussion and testing of the lamp circuit………………………………………………(38)
4.3 Precautions ……………………………………………………………………………(39)
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION…………….(40)
5.1 Summary ……………………………………………………………………………….(40)
5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………(40)
5.3 Recommendation …………………………………………………………………(40)
5.4 References …………………………………………………………………………(41-42)
Introduction
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