Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation

The party whose internal crisis significantly contributed to the breakdown of the Macpherson Constitution of 1951 was the N.C.N.C. (National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons). The crisis is known as the Eastern House of Assembly Crisis of 1953. A key element of the crisis was the eventual exclusion of the N.C.N.C. leader, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe, from the central legislature following political manoeuvres in the Western Region and the resulting fallout in the Eastern Region. This led to a major political upheaval in the Eastern Region, including the dissolution of the Eastern House of Assembly.

Other Contributing Factors

While the N.C.N.C. crisis was a major factor, the constitution's collapse was also hastened by other events and flaws:

• Action Group (A.G.) Motion: Chief Anthony Enahoro of the A.G. moved the motion for self-government in 1956 in the central House of Representatives in 1953. This was opposed by the Northern People's Congress (N.P.C.), leading to a walkout by Southern members and subsequent political tension, including the Kano Riot of 1953.
• Weak Centre: The constitution's design, which gave more power and loyalty to the regions rather than the central government, encouraged regionalism and ethnic rivalry among the major parties (N.P.C., A.G., and N.C.N.C.).
• Limited Ministerial Power: Nigerian ministers at the centre were not given full executive control over their departments.

The combined effect of these factors, especially the N.C.N.C. internal crisis in the Eastern Region and the self-government motion controversy, demonstrated the unworkability of the Macpherson Constitution and directly led to the 1954 Lyttleton Constitution, which established a true federal system.

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