Federalism is adopted in multi-ethnic or diverse societies to prevent domination by one group over others. In other words, the presence of domination or the fear of it often necessitates federalism to ensure power-sharing and autonomy for different regions or ethnic groups.
On the other hand, if there is already an absence of domination, there may be no strong need for federalism. Instead, a unitary system of government could function effectively.
Other options like desire to come together, geographical nearness, limited resources, and security influence the adoption of federalism in various countries.
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