Direct democracy succeeded in Athens primarily because of the relatively small size of the population, which allowed citizens to directly participate in decision-making processes. In Athens, free male citizens could gather in the assembly to discuss and vote on laws, policies, and other matters of state. This direct participation was feasible because the city's population was manageable, making it possible for people to actively engage in governance.
In larger populations, this kind of direct involvement becomes impractical, which is why representative democracy is more common in modern states.
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