The Industrial Revolution in Europe, which began in the late 18th century, led to the rise of capitalism as the dominant economic system. It marked a shift from agrarian economies to industrial and factory-based economies, where private individuals and companies owned and controlled the means of production for profit.
Capitalism thrived as industries grew, and entrepreneurs invested in machinery, labour and production to generate wealth. Although socialism (Option A) later emerged as a reaction to the inequalities caused by capitalism, it was not a direct result of the Industrial Revolution.
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