Explanation

(a) prolonged break in rainfall - the presence of high daily temperature - high rate of evapotranspiration - climate change - little or no cloud cover - presence of green house gases - deforestation - overgrazing.

(b) The Sahara desert - Northern Nigeria - senegambia - Northern ghana- mali - mauritania - burkina faso - somalia - niger republic - northern benin republic, etc. Development, logging and paving. - sahelian region - sudan savana region - ethiopia - eritrea

(c) Distorts natural ecosystem - surface river and streams dry up - death of animals - causes condition that allows diseases to thrive e.g cerebrospinal meningitis - loss of crops - result in increase migration - famine - starvation and malnutrition - loss of lives

(d) Irrigation projects - cover cropping - controlled grazing - creation of green belts - reduction in the generation of green house gasses - afforestation - cloud seeding - sensitizing the populace.

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